Ko te papa korowha te pūtake o te korowha. Ko te angitu, ko te kore rānei o te korowha whakahaere tarutaruHe pānga tika ki te whakahaere noa o te papa tākaro me ngā painga ōhanga o tana whakahaere. E kore e taea e te whakahaere pūtaiao me te pai o te papa tākaro te kukume i te tini o ngā kaitākaro me te kawe mai i ngā painga ōhanga pai ki te papa tākaro, engari ka waihanga hoki i tētahi ingoa pai mō te papa tākaro me te whakanui ake i te rongonui o te papa tākaro. Ko te kākāriki te tohu o te papa tākaro korowha. Ko te tirohanga me te whakamahinga o te kākāriki ka pā tika ki te kare ā-roto me te aromatawai a ia kaitākaro korowha i te papa tākaro korowha. Nō reira, tata ki ngā kākāriki katoa o te papa tākaro korowha ka taea te whakatō ki te bentgrass ka tīpakohia hei tirohanga me te tirotiro. He bentgrass ngokingoki pai ake. Ina whiriwhiri koe i te bentgrass ngokingoki, ka whiriwhiri koe i ngā wero i roto i te tiaki me te whakahaere. Ko ngā mea e whai ake nei ko ētahi o ngā wheako mahi a te kaituhi mō te aukati me te whakahaere i ngā mate o te papa tākaro i ngā tau tata nei.
Ngā huakita matua e pāngia ana e te mate
Ko ngā mate o te tarutaru papa tākaro te nuinga o ngā take. Hei momo moroiti, he mea tito ngā harore i ngā hyphae e huihui ana ki roto i te mycelium. Ka ora ngā harore mā te mimiti i ngā matūkai mā roto i te mycelium. He momo harore ngā spore. Ka horapa ngā spore ki te tipu mā te hau, te ua me ētahi atu pāpāho. Ina pai ngā āhuatanga, ka pihi ake ngā spore ka hanga he harore. Ko ngā spore te momo matua o te horapa o te mate. Ko te kino matua i puta mai i ngā harore ko te mimiti a ngā harore i ngā matūkai mai i ngā tipu, ka whakangaro i ngā pūtau me ngā kiko o te tipu, ā, ka mate ngā tipu. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā harore ki ngā harore saprophytic me ngā harore pirinoa. Ka kai ngā harore saprophytic i ngā mea ora mate, ko ngā harore pirinoa ia ka kai i ngā mea ora me te pirinoa ki ngā tipu ora.
Kāore he kiko kawe wai o ngā harore, ā, ko te makuku o waho anake ka taea te whakawhirinaki ki te whakaputa uri. Nō reira, kāore e mahi ana ngā harore i ngā āhuarangi maroke, koia te take ka nui ake te kino o ngā mate harore i ngā āhuarangi makuku nui.
Ko ngā mate matua o te tarutaru korowha: te ira parauri, te pythium, te pirau katoa, te ira moni, te ira raumati, te ira mate o te kōanga, te ira mowhiti necrotic, te ngata maripi, me ētahi atu.
Ngā take matua e pā ai te mate
Ko ngā āhuatanga matua e hua ai ngā mate i runga i te papa korowha ko te pāmahana, te haumākū, te whakamomona, te whakamakuku i runga i te tauhiuhi, me ētahi atu, e rua ngā āhuatanga e whakarāpopototia ana: ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi me te taiao, me ngā āhuatanga tiaki me te whakahaere.
1. Ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi me te taiao
Ko te āhuarangi te tino take o ngā mate, ā, ko te pāmahana me te haumākū ngā mea matua e whakahaere ana. Me whai pāmahana, haumākū, me ngā āhuatanga mārama e tika ana mō te tipu me te whakaputa uri o ia mate. Ina puta ēnei āhuatanga pai, ka tino kaha ngā pathogens, ā, ka tere te tipu me te whakaputa uri, ka kino ai te tarutaru. I roto i ēnei, ko te āhuarangi haumākū te āhuatanga tino pai mō te whakaputa uri o ngā mate harore; ko te pāmahana te tuarua o ngā āhuatanga nui mō te whakaputa uri o ngā mate.
Haunga te pāmahana me te haumākū, he mea nui anō hoki te atarangi hei whakararu i ngā mate o te kari. Ka āwhina te iti o te mārama mō te wā roa ki te mahi a ngā pathogens. Mā te atarangi mō te wā roa me te haumākū teitei ka ngawari, ka waiwai hoki ngā tipu kari, ka ngāwari ai te pangia e ngā pathogens.
2. Whakahaere tiakingā āhuatanga
Ki te kore e tika te whakatinanatanga o tētahi mahi whakahaere, ka pā mai te mate. Ko ngā āhuatanga whakahaere e hua ai ngā mate o te tarutaru ko: te tapahi, te whakawairakau, te whakamakuku i te wai, te whakatipu, me ētahi atu. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā mahi whakamakuku kore tika me ngā mahi whakahaere e hua ai te korenga o te wai o te oneone, koinei ngā āhuatanga nui e hua ai ngā mate o te tarutaru.
Mā te tapahi i te iti rawa, i te maha rawa hoki, ka ngāwari te pā mai o ngā mate. Ia tapahi ka whara ngā tihi o ngā rau o te tipu, ā, mā ngā uaua rau kua whara ka puta he wāhi mō ngā mate urutā; mā te iti o te whakamakuku i te tarutaru ka noho makuku tonu te tarutaru, ka hangaia he wāhi mō te tipu o te tarutaru. Mā te nui o te haumākū ka āwhina i te mahi a ngā mate urutā, ā, ka ngāwari te pā mai o ngā mate; ko te nuinga o ngā mate tarutaru e pā ana ki te nui o te tongi hauota. Mā te nui o te tongi hauota ka pari, ka roa te tarutaru, ā, ka ngawari, ka waiwai hoki ngā tipu, ka pai ake te pangia e te mate; mā te matotoru rawa o te oneone tarutaru me te kore hauhautanga ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te mate; mā te kore o te rerenga wai o te oneone tarutaru ka nui ake te makuku o te oneone, ka whakatairanga hoki i te mahi a te mate, engari ka pāngia hoki te tipu me te whanaketanga o te pūnaha pakiaka tarutaru, ā, ka whakaiti i te ātete ki te mate o te tarutaru.
Ko te kaha o te whakahaere i te tarutaru me te taumata whakahaere e hiahiatia ana e te tarutaru e pā ana ki te mate. I te nuinga o te wā, he hononga pai te kaha o te mate ki te kaha o te whakahaere i roto i te tarutaru. Ko te nui ake o te kaha o te whakahaere, ko te nui ake o te tūponotanga o te mate. Ko te rohe tarutaru tino mate i runga i te papa ko te kākāriki, ā, he nui ake ngā mate o ngā kākāriki tarutaru piko e ngokingoki ana; ko te tuarua ko te tī, nā te mea ko te kaha whakahaere i runga i te tī ko te tuarua anake i te kākāriki; ko te tuatoru ko te tarutaru ara-whakataetae, ko te ara-whakataetae. Ko te kaha whakahaere i runga i te papa korowha he iti ake i te pouaka tī, engari he teitei ake i te rohe tarutaru teitei; ko te rohe tarutaru teitei he rohe tarutaru he iti ake ngā mate i runga i te papa, nā te mea he iti ake te maha o ngā wā tapahi, te tono tongi, te whakamakuku i te tauhiuhi, me ētahi atu i roto i te rohe tarutaru teitei i ētahi atu rohe tarutaru. Ka kitea ko te whakahaere tarutaru me te puta o ngā mate te āhua nei he whakahē e kore e taea te whakatau. Heoi, e whakaatu ana tā mātou mahi mā te whakahaere tika me ngā mahi ārai me te whakahaere pūtaiao, ka taea te whakatau i tēnei whakahē.
Ngā mahi ārai me te whakahaere pūtaiao
Ko te aukati me te whakahaere i ngā mate o te papa tākaro e pā ana ki tētahi tikanga whai hua hei ārai, hei whakamahi rānei i ngā kaihoko haumaru, ā, he pai hoki mō te taiao hei whakahaere i te whanaketanga o ngā mate me te whakaora i te tipu o ngā tarutaru ina puta tuatahi mai ngā mate. He kino, he noa hoki ngā mate tarutaru tāwharau i te nuinga o ngā papa korowha i tōku whenua, ā, tata ki ngā patu harore ahuwhenua katoa e whakamahia ana hei tiaki me te whakahaere. Ahakoa he umanga nui te whakaurunga me te putanga nui o ngā papa korowha, ki te whakaritea ki te tiaki tarutaru, tata ki ngā papa korowha katoa kāore e nui te haumi. I roto i te whakahaere tarutaru korowha, ka tatari te nuinga o ngā papa korowha kia puta rā anō ngā mate tarutaru kino i mua i te maimoatanga. Heoi, nā te mea he uaua ki te hoko hua i hangaia mō te tarutaru korowha i te mākete, i whakamātau te kaiwhakahaere tari tarutaru i ngā huarahi katoa, ā, i pau te wā me te kaha ki te whiriwhiri i ngā hua he pānga motuhake mai i ngā patu pepeke tuku iho. Ko te hua he haurua te hua me te rua te hua. He taiao taiao motuhake tō te tarutaru korowha me te ngoikore o te taiao. I te taha o ngā āhuatanga tiaki o te hua, he uaua ki te whai pānga rongoā nui ki te tarutaru mate. Nō reira, me whakamahi ngā hua motuhake kua tohua hei ārai me te rongoā i ngā mate tarutaru korowha. Mā tēnei anake ka taea e te hua te whakatutuki i ngā hua pai ake, ā, ka taea hoki e te hua te whakarite kia taea e ia te whawhai ki ngā moroiti mate e huri haere tonu ana.
Ngā kaupapa matua o ngā mahi ārai me te whakahaere:
1. Ko te ārai i te mate te kaupapa matua, ā, ko te rongoā te kaupapa matua tāpiri.
Ko tōna tikanga, i roto i ngā mahi tiaki me te whakahaere o ia rā, me whakatinana tika ngā mahi whakahaere, me mārama hoki ki te wā me te tikanga whakatinanatanga o ia mahi, kia noho ora ai te tarutaru, kia whakaitihia ai hoki te tūponotanga o te pangia e ngā mate. Tuarua, āraihia ngā mate mā te whakamahi i ētahi hua whakahaere koiora e pai ana ki te taiao i ia rā. Kaua e tatari kia puta te mate i mua i te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi whakaora hei ārai me te whakahaere i ngā patupatu matū paitini me ngā patupatu kino.
2. I muri i te tapatapahi, me whakamahi te rehu ārai hei ārai me te rongoā i ngā mate kitakita.
3. Te whakatōtika pūtaiao me te whakamakuku tika.
4. Tapahi pūtaiao, tika hoki.
5. Te kitenga wawe, te tautuhi wawe me te maimoatanga wawe.
6. Whakamahia ngā hua whakahaere mate o te papa korowha ngaio
Wā tuku: Pipiri-25-2024