Ka taea e te tarutaru te pure i te hau, te mimiti i te puehu, te ārai i te haruru, te ātete i te parahanga me te waranga tarukino, te whakaiti i te horo o te oneone, te whakapai ake i te hanganga o te oneone, te whakaroa i te hihi o te rā, te tiaki me te whakaora i te tirohanga, te matomato me te whakapaipai i te tāone, me te whakapai ake i te taiao o te tāone. Kei te whānui haere tonu te rohe tarutaru. Heoi, ko ngā tarutaru o te kāinga ka pirau, ka noho ururua i roto i te 3-5 tau, ā, ko ētahi tarutaru ka noho ururua i muri i te whakatūnga. Ko te roa o te ora o ngā tarutaru me te hangarau tiaki tino pai ki tāwāhi neke atu i te 10-15 tau. Ko te take he kore i te tino pakari te hangarau tiaki tarutaru o tōku whenua, ko te nuinga nā te kore tika, te whakaroa rānei i ngā tikanga tiaki pēnei i te tapahi, te whakawairakau, te whakamakuku, me te whakahaere pepeke. Ko ngā kaupapa matua o tiaki tarutarume ngā tikanga whakahaere e whakamāramahia ana i raro nei.
1. Te tapahi
Ko te tapahi tarutaru te mea nui rawa atu o te tiaki i te tarutaru. Ki te kore te tarutaru e kutikutia i te wā tika, ka tere rawa te tupu o te taha whakarunga o te kakau, ā, ka puta he purapura i ētahi wā, ka aukati, ka pāngia hoki te tipu o te tarutaru ātete-takahi i te taha o raro, ka huri hei whenua ururua.
Ko te wā tapahi tarutaru ko te nuinga mai i Maehe ki Noema, ā, i ētahi wā me tapahi anō hoki i ngā hotoke mahana. Ko te teitei o te tapahi tarutaru e whai ana i te kaupapa 1/3. Ko te tapahi tuatahi ka mahia ina 10-12cm te teitei o te tarutaru, ā, ko te teitei o te kakau witi he 6-8cm. Ko te maha o ngā wā ka tapahia e koe ka whakawhirinaki ki te tere o te tipu o tō tarutaru. Ko ngā tarutaru ke kounga teitei ka tapahia neke atu i te 10, neke atu rānei i ngā rau i te tau. Ko te tikanga ko Mei-Hune te wā e tino kaha ana te tipu o te tarutaru. Ka tapahia 1-2 ngā wā i ia 7-10 rā, ā, 1-2 ngā wā i ia 10-15 rā i ētahi atu wā. He maha ngā wā kua tapahia te tarutaru. Ehara i te mea kua whanake noa ngā pūtake me te kaha ki te hipoki, engari he iti te teitei, he angiangi ngā rau, ā, he nui te uara whakapaipai.
I te wā e tapahi ana i te tarutaru, me rite te ahunga o ngā rīpene tapahi, ā, me whakarerekē te ahunga i ia wā e tapahi ana koe. I te wā tauraki, ka taea e koe te whakatakoto i te tarutaru kua tapahia ki runga i te tarutaru kia whakamatao, engari kāore e taea te waiho mō te wā roa, ki te kore ka ngawari te ngohengohe o te tarutaru, ka puhoi te tipu, ā, ka puta he huakita. Ko ngā taha o te tarutaru ka tapahia ki te kutikuti hei pupuri i te āhua ataahua.
2. Whakatō
Ko te whakamomona he taahiraa nui anō hoki i roto i te tiaki i te tarutaru. Ko te maha o te tapahi i te tarutaru, ko te nui ake o ngā matūkai ka tangohia mai i te oneone, nō reira me whakakī anō ngā matūkai kia nui hei whakaora i te tipu. Ko te whakamomona i te tarutaru e ahu mai ana i ngā whakamomona hauota me ngā whakamomona matūkai. Ko te nui o te whakamomona e tika ana ko te 28-12kg mō ia 667m2, arā, 15-18g/m2. Ka rerekē te auau o te whakamomona i runga i ngā momo tarutaru rerekē. I te nuinga o te wā, me whakamomona ngā tarutaru 7-8 ngā wā i te tau.
3. Te whakamakuku
Nā te rerekētanga o ngā momo tarutaru papa, he rerekē te ātete ki te tauraki. I te wā e tupu kaha ana, me nui te wai e hiahiatia ana mō rātou katoa. Nō reira, ko te whakamakuku i te wā tika tētahi atu huarahi hei pupuri i te pai o te papa. I te nuinga o te wā, i te wā wera nui me te tauraki, whakamakukuhia kia kotahi i te 5-7 rā i te ata me te ahiahi hei whakamakuku i ngā pakiaka ki te 10-15cm. He pai te whakamakuku i ētahi atu wā hei tiaki i ngā pakiaka o te oneone me te pupuri i te haumākū. Heoi, he pai ake te whakamahi i te rehu maha-aronga hei utu mō te whakamakuku i te wā e whakamakuku ana kia mau tonu te whakamakuku, kia penapena wai, ā, i te wā kotahi ka tangohia te puehu mai i te mata o te tarutaru.
4. Keria ngā kōhaoā, whiti i te oneone hei whakapūhau i te oneone
Me keri ngā mara tarutaru, me whakapūhau hoki te oneone i te hau kotahi, e rua rānei ngā wā i te tau. Whakamahia he mīhini keri mō ngā wāhi whānui o te tarutaru. Whai muri i te keri i te kōhao, whakakīia te tarutaru ki te onepu, kātahi ka whakamahi i te rake niho, i te puruma mārō rānei hei horoi i te onepu kia ōrite te uru o te onepu ki roto i te kōhao, kia mau tonu ai te kaha me te whakapai ake i te rerenga wai o te oneone hohonu. Kaua e neke ake i te 0.5cm te matotoru o te paparanga onepu i runga i te mata o te tarutaru. Hei whakapūhau i ngā wāhi iti me ngā tarutaru paru māmā, whakamahia he marau keri hei keri i ngā marau i te tawhiti me te hohonu o te 8-10cm. Me tika te haere o ngā marau ki roto, ki waho hoki, kia kore ai e puta ake ngā poraka oneone. Ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā whakatakotoranga rerekē o ngā marau mō ngā momo oneone rerekē, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā koko mō te mahi. I te wā e tapahi ana, ka taea te tapahi i ētahi pūnaha pakiaka tarutaru tarutaru hei whakatairanga i te tipu kaha o ngā pakiaka. Ko te wā pai ki te keri i ngā kōhao me te whakawhiti i te oneone mō te whakapūhau ko te tīmatanga o te kōanga i ia tau.
5. Tangohia ngā taru kino
I te wā e ngaki ana i te taru, kia mōhio ki ngā mātāpono o te "ngaki wawe", te "taru" me te "ngaki". Whakamahia he maripi ina iti te rahinga, ā, keria ki te koko ina nui, ā, kua kukū te rahinga, kātahi ka whakaōrite i te whenua i mua i te whakatō anō. Rehuhia i te rā marino, paki hoki, ina teitei ake te pāmahana i te 25°C. I tēnei wā, he tino tere te pānga o te rongoā, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te horopeta ki te haurua. Ka nui ake te whai hua o ngā patu taru ina whakaranua tika. Engari kia tūpato kei hoki whakamuri te ahi.
6. Te whakahaere i ngā mate me ngā pepeke
Ko te nuinga o ngā mate o te tarutaru he harore, pērā i te waikura, te paura koriri, te sclerotinia, te anthracnose, me ētahi atu. He maha ngā wā ka kitea i runga i ngā pakiaka, ngā kakau me ngā rau o te tipu kua mate i roto i te oneone. Ina tūtaki ki ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi e tika ana, ka pangia, ka kino hoki te tarutaru, ka ārai i te tipu o te tarutaru, ka huri kowhai, ka mate rānei i ngā wāhi iti. Ko ngā tikanga ārai me te whakahaere ko te whakamahi i ngā patu harore hei ārai, hei rongoā rānei i runga i ngā tauira pangia o te mate. I te wā e whakahaere ana, me tapahi te tarutaru kia iti, kātahi ka rehuhia.
7. Te whakahoutanga, te whakaora me tehurihuri oneone
Ki te mea he pakira te āhua o te tarutaru, he mate rānei, me whakaora anō i te wā tika. Arā, i te wā e whakamomona ana i te tīmatanga o te kōanga, i te mutunga rānei o te ngahuru, whakaranua ngā purapura tarutaru kua pihi ake me te tongi ka ruia kia ōrite ki runga i te tarutaru, whakamahia rānei he oumu hei tapahi i ngā āputa i roto i te tarutaru i ia 20cm ka tāpirihia he tongi. Tāpirihia he komipara hei whakatairanga i te tipu o ngā pakiaka hou. Mō te korenga o te oneone me te turuturu o ngā pakiaka i puta mai i te tapahi pinepine, te whakamakuku, me te horoi i te paparanga tarutaru maroke, me tāpiri te oneone ka hurihia i te wā pihi o te tarutaru, i muri rānei i te tapahi, ko te tikanga kotahi i te tau, ā, me mahi pinepine te hurihuri i te tīmatanga o te kōanga i muri i te rewa o te oneone.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-06-2024