Te tiaki i muri i tete hanga papa tarutarume nui ake te tiaki
He maha ngā āhuatanga o te hanganga o tētahi papa whutupaoro e herea ana tetahi ki tetahi. Kia oti te whakatū, me tiaki, me tiaki hoki e ngā tohunga.
Ka āwhina te whakatuwheratanga ki te whakapai ake i te tipu o te tarutaru i te wā makariri
Ko te takahi kaha o te whutupaoro ka arahi pea ki ngā taumata rerekē o te whakakīkī o te oneone, ka heke te hau me te uruhanga wai o te oneone, ā, i te mutunga ka aukati i te tipu me te whanaketanga o te tarutaru tarutaru. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakahaere i te whakakīkī o te oneone mō ngā papa tarutaru whutupaoro.
Ko te keri poka tētahi o ngā mahi whakapūngao hau tino whai hua hei whakaoti i te raruraru o te whakakīkī oneone i roto i te tarutaru whutupaoro. Ka taea e ia te whakahaere i te paparanga tarutaru, te tango i te paparanga oneone e puta mai ana i te tarutaru hurihuri, me te whakanui ake i te kiato o te tarutaru me te uruhanga o te oneone.
Engari mō ngā kari o te wā makariri, ka piki ake ngā pakiaka o te tarutaru i roto i te kōhao, ko ngā pakiaka i roto i te oneone e karapoti ana i te kōhao ka heke ki ngā taumata rerekē. Whakamārama: "I tēnei wā, kua kitea e ētahi tohunga he nui ake te pānga o te keri ki ngā kari o te wā makariri i ngā kari o te wā mahana e pā ana ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o te tākaro kari. Ka pā te keri ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te oneone me te tipu o te tarutaru, inā koa te tipu o te pakiaka. Ko ngā whakatau rerekē nā ngā rerekētanga o ngā taputapu keri, ngā momo oneone me ngā momo tarutaru." Haunga te keri i ngā kōhao, ko te poka me te whakamātao i te tarutaru he mahi noa anō hoki mō te whakapūmau hau me te tiaki.
Ngā tongi rerekē, ngā pānga rerekē
I te tipu noa o ngā tarutaru, he mea nui te whakawairakau hei whakapai ake i te ātete me te kaha whakaora o ngā tarutaru i te papa whutupaoro.
He ngāwari te wareware i te whakatōnga, inā koa te tongi N. Mēnā he nui rawa, he iti rawa rānei te N ka whakaiti i te ātete me te ātete o te tarutaru ki te takahi, ā, ka ngāwari hoki te puta o ngā mate o te tarutaru. Ina koa, ko te nui rawa o te tongi N ka ngāwari te whakaputa i ngā huringa maha ki te tipu me te whanaketanga o te tarutaru tarutaru, pērā i te kiko o te kakau me te rau momona, te whakaiti i ngā matūkai kua rongoatia, me te angiangi o ngā pakitara pūtau.
Nō reira, me mau tonu te ātete pai o ngā tarutaru o te wā makariri ki te takahanga me te ātete ki ngā mahi. Ko te nui e tika ana mō te tongi N ko te 200–300kg/(hm2.a). Ko ngā tarutaru o te wā mahana te mea tino pai mō te tono tongi N i ia marama i te wā e tipu ana. ko te 48.9kg/hm2.
He rerekē ngā pānga o ngā momo tongi ki te ātete o te tarutaru. Kua kitea e ngā rangahau o nāianei ka taea te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o ngā tarutaru bermudagrass mā te whakamahi i te tongi K. I mua i te urunga o te tarutaru ki te moe, ka pā kino te tongi N ki te tarutaru nā te nui o te tono. I tēnei wā, mā te whakanui ake i te tongi K ka whakaiti i te kino o te tio i puta mai i te tongi N.
Ka whakahaere pai te oneone i runga i te paparanga tarutaru
Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi tino whai hua hei whakahaere i te papa raupo i runga i te tarutaru o te papa whutupaoro ko te paninga o te oneone ki runga. Mēnā he matotoru rawa te papa tarutaru i runga i te mata o te papa whutupaoro, ka roa te kohikohinga o te wai ki runga i te mata. Nā te mea ka āraia te urunga mai o ngā maniua me ētahi atu rauemi, ka heke te pakeke o te mata me te waku o te mara.
Ko te oneone i runga i te papa ka mahia i muri i te keri, ā, me whakataurite te mata o te papa tarutaru ki te rake i muri i te paninga. E mārama ana mā te paninga auau o te oneone ka taea te whakapai ake i te urunga o te oneone, ā, ka ārai i te hanganga o te papa maroke. He pai hoki mō te whakaora i ngā papa tarutaru kua pakaru, me te whakamahinga roa o te papa whutupaoro.
He maha hoki ngā whakamahinga o te oneone tāpiri-runga hei whakarerekē i te pari o te papa tākaro. Whai muri i te whakamahinga roa, ka rerekē te piko o te mata o te papa korowha. Ka taea te whakapai ake i tēnei āhuatanga mā te whakamahi i ngā oneone tāpiri-runga maha.
Te tapahi me tehurihuri
Ka taea e te tapahi te whakanui ake i te matotoru o te tarutaru me te maeneene o te mata o te tarutaru, engari ka pāngia te pūnaha pakiaka o te tarutaru ki tētahi taumata. Mā te pupuri i ngā teitei tapahi rerekē ka rerekē ngā pānga ki ngā āhuatanga o te tarutaru. I mea ia: "Ina huri te teitei tapahi o te tarutaru mai i te 2.5 ki te 5.0cm, ina heke te teitei tapahi mā te 0.6cm, ka piki ake te teitei pekepeke o te mata o te papa mā te 1.75cm."
Ko te pānga matua o te auau o te tapahi tarutaru ko te tawhiti hurihuri me te teitei o te pekepeke o te whutupaoro. Ka puta noa tōna pānga ina neke atu te teitei hou o te tarutaru i te 0.3cm i waenga i ngā tapahi e rua. Ki te kore, kāore tōna pānga ki te kounga o ngā hākinakina tarutaru.
I te nuinga o te wā ka puta te hurihuri i muri i te tapahi tarutaru, ka taea ai te whakaiti i te waku i runga i te mata o te tarutaru, me te whakanui ake i te tawhiti me te tere o te hurihuri o te poi. He rite te pānga o te hurihuri i runga i te papa whutupaoro ki tērā o ngā kaitākaro. Nō reira, e whakanuia ana me mātau te wā hurihuri me te taumaha o te hurihuri, ki te kore ka pā kino te hurihuri ki te tarutaru. ST. E taunakihia ana kia whakamahia he rōra maeneene 454kg hei hurihuri i te tarutaru he 2.9cm te teitei o te tapahi tarutaru kia rua ngā wā. Ka piki ake te tawhiti hurihuri o te mata mā te 1.4m, ā, ka piki ake te teitei o te peke o te mata mā te 5cm.
Ahakoa ka taea e te hurihuri te whakanui ake i te maeneene o te mata o te kooti, mā te whakamahi hē ka whakaitihia te taupoki o te tarutaru me te waku o te mata.
Haunga ngā pūkenga tiaki, e aro nui ana hoki mātou ki te pono o ngā kaimahi tiaki, me te tiaki pai hoki i te papa tarutaru. Ko te tiaki pūtaiao e hangai ana ki tētahi raupapa hangarau. Me mahi te kaitiaki i te tūranga o te whaea, me mārama ki ngā kaha me ngā ngoikoretanga o te tamaiti, kātahi ka whakamahi i ngā kaha me te karo i ngā ngoikoretanga hei whakaako i a ia kia tipu ake. He mātauranga ariā noa iho te tiaki papa tarutaru. I roto i te mahi, me whakahaere e koe te tiaki pūtaiao i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te rohe me ngā āhuatanga o tō ake papa tarutaru.
Wā tuku: Maehe-20-2024