Hei wāhanga nui rawa atu o te papa korowha, he tino kaha ngā whakaritenga mō te kounga o te tarutaru. Ahakoa he pai te whakatō o te tarutaru matomato, he mea tika ki te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga tino pai a ngā kaitākaro me te uauatanga o te pupuri i te tiaki me te whakahaere matomato kounga teitei a meake nei. Nō reira, ko te whakatūnga me te tiaki tika o te papa tākarongā tarutaru matomatohe mea tino nui. Kei raro nei ngā mahi hanga e whakaahuatia ana:
Tuatahi. Te whakarite i te moenga papaaho
Kia oti te hanga pai o te kākano matomato, kua whakatakotoria te ranunga papa pakiaka, ā, kua oti te mahi whakapai oneone i te wā e whakarite ana i te ranunga papa pakiaka. Nō reira, kāore he kaupapa hanga moenga papatahi i te wā e whakatūria ana te tarutaru matomato. Ko te whakarite i te moenga matomato me whakarerekē i te uara pH o te oneone, te patu huakita i te moenga, te whakamahi i te tongi turanga, me te whakangawari i te mata o te kākano matomato.
1.Te whakatikatika i te uara pH o te oneone i te moenga papatahi: Me whakaoti te nuinga o ngā mahi whakatikatika pH i mua i te whakato. Me whakaranu te rauemi whakatikatika ki te wāhanga o runga o te paparanga pakiaka, kia 10 ki te 15 henimita te hohonu. Ko te kōhatu ahuwhenua te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana me te oneone waikawa. Mā te whakatikatika i ngā matūriki pai ka tere te tauhohe. Ka whakamahia te māpere ki te oneone waikawa kei roto te rino me te konupora. Ko te whanariki te tikanga ka pania ki te oneone tino kawakore. Ko te nui o te kirikiri i pania ka ahu mai i ngā hua o te whakamātautau oneone. Ki te mea he rite te ranunga paparanga pakiaka, ā, he pai te whakaranu, me rite te tere o te pania ki ngā kākano katoa. He mea tika kia mōhio ka taea te whakaranu i ngā rauemi whakatikatika i muri i te whakatakotoranga o te ranunga paparanga pakiaka ki te papa, ka taea rānei te tāpiri atu ina whakaranua te ranunga paparanga pakiaka. Mā te tikanga whakamutunga ka tino whakaranua te rauemi katoa ki te ranunga paparanga pakiaka hei whakatikatika i te pH, engari ka taea te tāpiri i te nui ake o te rauemi.
2. Te maimoatanga patu huakita i te moenga papatahi: Ko te maimoatanga patu huakita i te moenga papatahi he tukanga maimoatanga matū o te moenga papatahi matomato hei patu i ngā purapura taru, ngā huakita mate, ngā hua pepeke me ētahi atu rauropi ora i roto i te oneone. He tikanga whai hua ake te whakamakuku i te oneone. Ko ngā whakamakuku e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te methyl bromide, te chloride, te methyl bromide, me ētahi atu. Ka taea te rui i ngā rā e 2 ki te 5 i muri i te whakamakuku. Ko te hiahia kia patu huakitahia te moenga matomato kei runga i te āhuatanga motuhake. I te nuinga o te wā, me mahi i roto i ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei: ① Ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e ngā nematode ② Ngā wāhi e nui ana te taru ③ Ka konatunatua te oneone kāore i whakamakukuhia ki roto i te paparanga pakiaka.
3. Tāpirihia te tongi pūtake: Me tāpiri te nuinga o ngā papa pakiaka matomato i tētahi nui o te tongi pūtake i mua i te whakatō. Me whakatau te momo tongi pūtake me te nui o te tono e hiahiatia ana i runga i ngā whakaritenga o te momo tarutaru me ngā hua whakamātautau o te ihirangi matūkai o te oneone. Ko ngā tongi P me K ngā tongi matua e rua o te tongi pūtake. Mena he onepu te nuinga o te papa pakiaka, he maha ngā wā kāore i roto i ngā matūkai iti.
Ko te tikanga, me pania te tongi turanga ki te paparanga pakiaka kia 10 ki te 15 henimita te hohonutanga ki runga i te mata, ā, me whakaranu kia ōrite ki te ranunga paparanga pakiaka. I ētahi wā ka pania hoki te turanga ina hangaia te ranunga paparanga pakiaka.
Papa papatahi, maeneene hoki: Whai muri i te paninga o te tongi taketake, me whakaparapara rawa te mata o te māra kia hanga he papa papatahi makuku, he hanganga kirikiri, ā, kāore he poraka oneone. Me tino tupato i te wā e whakarara ana i te papa taera kia tiakina ai ia wāhanga iti o te āhua māra i hangaia e te kaihoahoa, kia mau tonu tōna āhua mata taketake, ā, kia whakakīkītia kia ngawari, kia maeneene, kia ōrite te mata o te papa taera.
二Te whakato
E rua ngā tikanga matua mō te hanga kākano matomato o tētahi papa korowha hou: te whakatipu purapura me te whakatipu tipu, e taea ai te wehewehe i te whakatipu tipu kia whā ngā tikanga: te hora, te whakato whakahaere, te whakato mono me te rui kakau. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga e rua mō te bentgrass, engari ko te bermudagrass kua whakarerekētia (pararaiha) ka taea anake te whakatipu tipu. Ko te nuinga o ngā kākano Bentgrass he mea hanga mai i ngā purapura. Ko te take matua he iti te utu, he watea hoki. He mea pai hoki te whakato tarutaru ina hiahia kia tere te hanga anō i tētahi kākano kia taea ai te whakamahi anō, engari me whakatipu te tarutaru i whakamahia ki runga i te oneone e rite ana ki te paparanga pakiaka o te kākano.
Me tīmata te whakato i muri i te taunga o te paparanga pakiaka hou. Whakamahia he mīhini whakakīkī hiko hei whakakīkī i te moenga. Ahakoa he rui purapura, he whakato rānei i ngā tipu tipu, ko te mea nui i te wā whakatinanatanga ko te tiaki i ngā ngaru o te mata, me te pupuri i te mata maeneene i ngā wā katoa e taea ana. Inaianei ka whakamāramahia e mātou mai i ngā āhuatanga e rua: te wā whakato me te tikanga whakato.
Te wā whakato: He mea tino nui te wā whakato tarutaru hei hanga tere i tētahi tarutaru ōrite. Me waihanga e ētahi atu kaupapa i runga i te papa korowha he āhuatanga pai mō te kaupapa whakato tarutaru kia taea ai te mahi i te whakato tarutaru i te wā tika. Ko te mea matua e pā ana ki te wā whakatū tarutaru ko ngā āhuatanga pāmahana. Ko te pāmahana tino pai mō te whakatipu purapura o te tarutaru tarutaru o te wā makariri ko te 15-28°C, ā, ko te pāmahana tino pai mō te whakatipu purapura o te tarutaru tarutaru o te wā mahana ko te 21-35°C. Ko te pāmahana tino pai mō te tipu o te tipu tipu ko te 25~35℃. Ko te wā pai rawa atu ki te whakato tarutaru hauhautanga ko te mutunga o te raumati ki te tīmatanga o te ngahuru, kia nui ai te wā o ngā tipu ki te tipu me te whanake hei tarutaru i mua i te taenga mai o te takurua. Ka taea hoki te whakato tarutaru hauhautanga mai i te tīmatanga o te kōanga ki te tīmatanga o te raumati. Heoi, nā te iti o te pāmahana o te whenua, ka puhoi te whanaketanga o ngā tarutaru hou, ā, me pāngia ngā tarutaru taitamariki e te ahotea taiao kino puta noa i te raumati. Ko te tarutaru hauhautanga kāore e whakatohia i te raumati. Ko te wā whakato pai rawa atu mō te tarutaru mahana ko te mutunga o te kōanga ki te tīmatanga o te raumati, e kore e whakarato noa i te pāmahana whakatipu pai mō ngā purapura, engari e whakarato ana hoki i te wā tipu me te whanaketanga roa mō ngā tipu taitamariki.
2. Ngā tikanga whakato: Ko te whakatipu purapura me te whakatipu kakau ngā tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te whakatipu tarutaru matomato i roto i ngā papa korowha. Ko ngā kākano tarutaru piko e ruia ana mai i te purapura, ko ngā kākano tarutaru bermuda ia he pai mō te rui kakau. Ko te tikanga whakatō me te whakatō tarutaru te tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakahou i ngā kākano me te whakakapi i te tarutaru mate i runga i ngā kākano, kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te huri tere i ngā kākano hei papatahi me te whakamahi wawe tonu.
2.1 Te rui purapura: E toru ngā tikanga hei aro atu ina rui purapura ki ngā kākano matomato: te hohonu o te rui, te ōrite o te rui me te āhua o te whakatō purapura. He tino iti ngā purapura o te tarutaru piko ngokingoki, ā, me pakupaku te hohonu o te rui, ko te tikanga 2 ki te 5mm. Mā te rui hohonu rawa ka whakaiti i te tere o te puta o te purapura; he mea nui te rui ōrite kia tere ai te hanganga o te tarutaru matomato. Hei whakarite kia ōrite te kapi o te purapura. Mō te kākano matomato, ka taea e koe te wehewehe i te kākano matomato ki ētahi wāhi iti, rui ki ngā wāhi motuhake, ka rui ki ngā taha poutū e rua. Mā te whakatō katoa o ngā purapura ka pā ki te whakatipu o ngā purapura me te tere ora o ngā tipu. I muri i te rui, whakamahia ngā roera hei pehi i te moenga papatahi kia tata ai te hononga o ngā purapura ki te oneone. Ko te tikanga, he pai ake ngā roera taumaha 0.5~0.8t. Hei tāpiri, i te wā e rui ana, me aro ki te whakaiti i te maha o ngā tāngata e haere ana i runga i te moenga matomato kia kore ai e nui rawa ngā tapuwae i runga i te moenga matomato.
Ka taea te rui ā-ringa, ā-mīhini rānei. Mēnā ka ruia ā-ringa, ka taea te whakaranu i te ranunga o te papa pakiaka matomato me ngā purapura kia ōrite te ōwehenga, kātahi ka horahia ā-ringa. Mā te whakaranu i ngā purapura ki te onepu ka āwhina i te horapa ōrite o ngā purapura. Ka taea te rui ā-mīhini mā te whakamahi i ngā mīhini rui pana, ngā mīhini rui ā-ringa, ngā mīhini rehu wai rānei. He maha ngā wā ka ruia ngā kākano tipu mā te mīhini rui pana-ringa. I te wā e whakamahia ana, me aro ki te tere haere ōrite, ā, me whakarite kia tika te nui o te rui o te mīhini rui kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te rui ōrite. Hei whakaiti i ngā tapuwae e toe ana ki runga i te moenga matomato,ngā mīhini rui waipēhika whakamahia i ētahi wā mō te rui kākāriki. Ahakoa he rui ā-ringa, he rui ā-ringa rānei, me mahi i te rangi kore hau, ā, me tūpato kei ruia ngā kākano i waho o te kākāriki.
Me whakamakuku tonu te oneone mā te whakamahi i te tauhiuhi i muri tonu i te rui. He mea nui kia mau tonu te makuku o te mata i te wā whakato kia kore ai e maroke ngā purapura, e ngaro ai hoki te kaha ki te pihi.
2.2 Te rui i te kākano me te manga: Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ā-ringa, ā-mīhini rānei hei rui i ngā stolon me ngā manga ki te māra. Ko te tukanga tuku iho o te whakato kākano me ngā kākano me ngā manga koia tēnei:
① Tapatapahia ngā kakau me ngā manga kia poto ngā kakau, kia 2 ki te 5 henimita te roa;
② Tauhiuhia te haurua o ngā kākano me ngā manga ki runga i te moenga matomato;
③Whakamahia he roera hei huri i ngā wāhanga o te kakau me te peka kia tino pā atu ki te moenga papatahi;
④Taupokina ki te ranunga paparanga pakiaka matomato kia 2 ki te 5 mm te matotoru;
⑤ Whakamahia he roera hei huri i ngā manga kia piri katoa ki te oneone, kia maeneene hoki te mata.
Mēnā ka whakamahia ngā kakau me ngā manga hei whakatō i ngā purapura hei hanga i tētahi taupee, me aro nui ki te pupuri i te hou o ngā kakau me ngā manga. Me whakatō ngā kakau me ngā manga katoa i roto i ngā rā e rua i muri i te hauhake. Me pupuri tonu te pāmahana, te haumākū me te hauhautanga e tika ana i te wā e rongoa ana. Ko ngā manga e kōwhai ana i te wera, e maroke ana hoki i te ngaronga o te wai, me puranga. Kaua e whakamahia mō te whakatō purapura.
2.3 Te nui o te rui (kakau): Ko te nui o te rui i te tarutaru ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te parakore o te purapura, te tere o te whakatipu me te taumaha o te purapura. I mua i te rui, me whakamātautau ngā tohu pēnei i te tere whakatipu me te kaha o te purapura hei whakatau i te tere rui tika. Ko te tere rui tika o ngā purapura tarutaru matomato me eke ki te 15,000 ki te 25,000 tipu ia mita tapawha o te tipu tarutaru taitamariki. Kāore he paerewa whakamātautau pakari mō te tere rui o ngā kakau me ngā manga, ā, ko te tikanga ka whakatauhia i runga i te wheako.
2.4 Te whakato tarutaru: Ko te whakato te tikanga mō te whakahoutanga me te hanga anō i te tarutaru matomato anake. Kāore i te maha te whakamahinga o tēnei tikanga ina whakatohia te tarutaru matomato mō te wā tuatahi. Ko te tarutaru e whakamahia ana mō te tāutanga me waiho hei paparanga kotahi o te tipu he momo pai kāore he taru, ā, he rite te momo oneone pakiaka ki te momo oneone pakiaka o te matomato e whakatohia ai te tarutaru. Ko te tarutaru e whakatakotoria ana ki runga i te matomato ka tapahia kia papatahi, 0.6m × 0.6m te rahi, ā, kaua te matotoru o te kiri me te oneone e neke ake i te 1.5cm. Me aro atu ki ēnei āhuatanga i te wā e whakatakoto ana i te tarutaru matomato: ① I te wā e whakatakoto ana i te tarutaru, me whakarōpū ngā poraka tarutaru i waenganui i ngā rarangi me ngā rarangi me ngā pou kia kore ai e hanga he rārangi tika ngā hononga i waenganui i ngā poraka tarutaru. ② Kia tūpato i te wā e kawe ana i ngā wahi tarutaru kia kore ai e totoro, e haehae rānei i te tarutaru. ③ Kia tino aro ki te whakarite kia piri tahi, kia kore hoki e taupatupatu ngā taha o ngā poraka tarutaru e rua e tata ana, ā, kia kaua e taupatupatu tetahi ki tetahi. ④ I te wā e whakato ana, me whakatakoto he papa rakau hei hikoi mā te tangata kia kore ai e nui ngā tapuwae i runga i te moenga matomato.
I muri i te whakatakotoranga o te tarutaru, horahia te onepu ka whakataurite ki ētahi wāhi kāore i te pai ngā hononga me ngā āputa kia maeneene, kia papatahi hoki te mata o te tarutaru. Kātahi ka pehia, ka whakamakuku. He mea nui te whakamakuku i te wā tika mō te tipu hauora o te tarutaru. Mai i nāianei, i ia wiki, me pania he iti noa te oneone ki te mata. Me rite te oneone e pania ana ki te mata ki te oneone kei roto i te paparanga pakiaka o raro whenua.
Wā tuku: Hōngongoi-05-2024