Tohutohu matua: Kua huri haere te iti o te wai hei arai i te whanaketanga o ngā kari tāone. Ko te whakatinanatanga o te whakamakuku kari penapena wai he take nui e pā ana ki ngā kaimahi kari o nāianei. I whakahaerehia e te Grassland Research Institute o te Whare Wānanga Ahuwhenua o Haina tētahi rangahau whānui mō ngā hangarau penapena wai mō ngā kari tāone mai i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te whiriwhiri i ngā momo kari ātete-tauraki, te whakatau i ngā nui o te whakamakuku ōhanga mō ngā kari, te whiriwhiri i ngā tikanga whakamakuku penapena wai mō ngā kari, me te whakamakuku wai hangarua mō ngā kari.
Kua huri haere te iti o te wai hei ārai i te whanaketanga o ngā kari tāone. Ko te whakatinanatanga o te whakamakuku kari penapena wai he take nui e pā ana ki ngā kaimahi kari o nāianei. I whakahaerehia e te Grassland Research Institute tētahi rangahau whānui mō ngā hangarau penapena wai mō ngā kari tāone mai i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te whiriwhiri i ngā momo kari ātete-tauraki, te whakatau i ngā nui o te whakamakuku ōhanga mō ngā kari, te whiriwhiri i ngā tikanga whakamakuku penapena wai mō ngā kari, me te whakamakuku wai hangarua mō ngā kari.
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka taea e ngā hangarau whakatipu tarutaru hou, te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakamakuku pūtaiao me te whakawhanake i ngā rauemi wai hou te whakaiti i te moumou o ngā rauemi wai i roto i ngā papa tarutaru. Kāore ngā papa tarutaru i te tino kai wai pērā i tā ētahi e kī nei.
Te whakatipu i ngā momo ātete ki te tauraki
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he rerekē ngā hiahia wai mō ngā momo tarutaru rerekē me ngā momo rerekē o te momo kotahi, nō reira he mea nui te whakamahi i ngā momo tarutaru penapena wai hei penapena wai i roto i ngā papa tarutaru.
I te whakatipu i ngā momo tarutaru ātete-tauraki, hei tāpiri atu ki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakatipu tikanga, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te hangarau koiora hei whakauru i ngā ira ātete-tauraki ki roto i te tarutaru kia whiwhi ai i ngā momo hou ātete-tauraki. E kiia ana ka taea e te tarutaru kua whakarerekētia te ira me ngā ira ātete-tauraki te whakaora i te haurua o te wai, ki te whakaritea kitarutaru noaKi te whakatōkia ki tētahi wāhi nui, ka taea te penapena i te 20% ki te 30% o te wai whakamakuku.
Te whakahaere penapena wai me te whakamakuku pūtaiao
Ko tētahi o ngā kī ki te whakamakuku i ngā tarutaru hei penapena wai, ko te mōhio ki te nui o te whakamakuku ōhanga o ngā tarutaru. Ko te nui o te whakamakuku ōhanga ko te nui o te whakamakuku iti rawa hei whakarite i te tipu noa o te tarutaru tarutaru. He mea tika kia mau tonu te taurite o te wai o te pūnaha tarutaru, kia kore ai e para te wai i puta mai i te nui o te whakamakuku. Me whakarērea e te whakamakuku tarutaru te whakaaro hē he pai ake te nui atu i te kore, ā, me whakatinana he whakamakuku pūtaiao mō ngā momo tarutaru rerekē.
Ehara i te mea ko ngā āhuatanga ira o te tarutaru anake te mea e pāngia ana e te wai e hiahiatia ana mō te kari, engari ko ngā āhuatanga taiao anō hoki, tae atu ki te taumata tiaki me te whakahaere, te nui o te makuku o te oneone, te kakano o te oneone me te momona o te oneone. Ka rerekē te hiahia mō te wai i roto i te kari nā te rerekētanga o ngā reiti rui me te teitei o te kakau witi.
He rerekē te nui o te tapahi tarutaru nā te rerekētanga o ngā ōwehenga o te hauota, te whākawa, me te pāhare pākawa, ā, he hononga pai nui kei waenganui i te rerekētanga o te nui o te tapahi tarutaru me te hiahia wai o te tarutaru. He nui ake te hiahia wai mō ngā tarutaru e whakamahia ana ngā tongi tuku tere i ngā tarutaru e whakamahia ana ngā tongi tuku puhoi. Mai i te tirohanga tiaki wai, me whakaiti te ōwehenga o ngā tongi tuku tere i roto i te whakahaere tuturu.
He mea tino nui ngā tikanga whakamakuku mō te tiaki i te wai o te kari. Ko te tikanga whakamakuku waipuke tuku iho ka hua ake te whakamakuku kore taurite me te para nui. I ngā tau tata nei, nā te korenga o ngā rauemi wai, kua tere te whanaketanga o ngā kaupapa whakamakuku penapena wai. I tēnei wā, ko ngā tikanga whakamakuku penapena wai matua ko te whakamakuku paipa, te whakamakuku pītiti, te whakamakuku moroiti me te whakamakuku turuturu.
Kua whakamātauhia e ngā mahi he pai ake te whakamakuku iti me te whakamakuku turuturu mō ngā hua whenua ahuwhenua he rarangi me ngā manga manga. Mō ngā papa tarutaru he nui ngā wāhi, he maha ngā tipu, ā, he taurite te horapa, kāore ēnei tikanga whakamakuku e rua i te whai hua, i te whai hua hoki. Nō reira, ko te whakamakuku penapena wai o ngā papa tarutaru o te tāone e whakamahia ana te whakamakuku pītiti.
Ko te pane o te pupuhi he wāhanga nui o te pūnaha whakamakuku pupuhi. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā pupuhi ki ngā pupuhi pēhanga iti, pēhanga waenga me te pēhanga teitei i runga i te pēhanga mahi. Ko ngā pupuhi pēhanga iti te nuinga o te wā ka tīpakohia mō te whakamakuku tarutaru. Ka taea e ngā tarutaru iti, ngā porowhita roa rānei o te tarutaru te whakamahi i ngā pupuhi pēhanga iti poto; ka taea e ngā tarutaru nui pērā i ngā papa tākaro me ngā tarutaru korowha te whakamahi i ngā pupuhi pēhanga waenga.
Me whai whakaaro te hoahoa tohatoha o ngā pane pupuhi kia ōrite te mata whakamakuku e kapi ana i ngā pupuhi. Me whiriwhiri hoki e te pūnaha whakamakuku pupuhi ngā taputapu pēhanga me te mana e rite ana ki te āhua pēhanga o te puna wai, kia taea ai e te whakamakuku pupuhi te whakatutuki i te hua tino pai.
Te whakamakuku i tō papa tarutaru ki te wai hangarua
Ko te wai para kua hangaruatia, kua whakamahia hoki, ka kiia ko te wai whakaora, e wehea ana ki te wai tuatahi kua rongoatia, te wai tuarua kua rongoatia, me te wai tuatoru kua rongoatia, e ai ki te tukanga. I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā whakamakuku tarutaru e whakamahi ana i te wai puna, i te wai whenua rānei.
I tētahi taha, kei te piki haere te taumahatanga o te wai o ngā tāone i te whakamakuku i ngā tarutaru, ā, i tētahi atu taha, kāore i te whakamahia tika te paru o ngā whare o ngā tāone. E whakaatu ana te Pānui Tūnga Taiao o Haina i whakaputaina e te Tari Tiaki Taiao o te Kāwanatanga, ko te tapeke o ngā wai para i tukuna puta noa i te motu i te tau 2003 he 46 piriona tana, e tohu ana i te kaha nui o te whanaketanga.
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he mea taea noa te whakamakuku i ngā tarutaru ki te wai tuarua kua rongoatia, engari i kitea he rerekē ngā tohu parauri o ngā pakiaka o te tarutaru. Tērā pea nā te nui rawa o ngā matū totoka i roto i te wai tuarua kua rongoatia tēnei, ā, ko te kohikohinga o ngā tote i roto i te oneone ka aukati i ngā pūwero o te oneone, ka pā ki te...Te uruhanga o te oneoneka puta te ahotea ā-tinana ki te tarutaru.
Ki te whakaritea ki te wai tuarua kua rongoatia, he nui ake te haumaru o te whakamahinga o te wai tuatoru kua rongoatia. E whakaponohia whānuitia ana ka taea te whakamahi i te wai tuatoru kua rongoatia ki ngā wāhi katoa engari mō te inu, tae atu ki te mahi pāmu ika, te horoi kakahu, te kaukau, te whakamakuku, me ētahi atu. Ahakoa he nui te utu mō te whakamahi i te wai tuatoru kua rongoatia mō te whakamakuku, kei te haere tonu te ia o te whakakapi haere i te wai tuarua kua rongoatia.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-12-2024