Kāore ngā tarutaru me ngā pāmu e hangaia mō ake tonu atu. Pērā i ngā tamariki, me tiaki tonu rātou i ngā wāhi katoa kia ora ai te tipu. He maha ngā kaihanga tarutaru e wareware ana ki tēnei kaupapa, ā, kāore e tutuki i ngā hua e tumanakohia ana. Anei ētahi tikanga matua mō te whakahaere i ngā tarutaru. Ki te mōhio koe ki ēnei, ki taku whakaaro ka mau tonu te ataahua o tō tarutaru, ā, ka roa ake tōna wā whai mana.
Te tapahi me te kutikuti
Ko te tapahi tētahi o ngā mahi whakahaere tino nui. Ko te tikanga, kaua te nui o te tapahi i ia wā e neke ake i te 1/3 o te roa o te tarutaru. Ko te ripanga e whai ake nei ko te teitei o te kakau witi e taunakitia ana e mātou. Heoi anō, nā te rerekētanga o ngā whakamahinga o te tarutaru, te iti rānei o te tangata me ngā rauemi, kāore e hiahiatia kia tino whai i ngā paerewa e whai ake nei: Waeine momo: cm Bluegrass 3.8-6.4 Teitei fescue 3.8-7.6 Ryegrass 3.8-7.6 Bentgrass 0.5-2.5 Bermuda 0.6-3.8 Zoysia 1.3-5 Ehara i te mea ko te ataahua anake te kaupapa o te tapahi, engari ko te mea nui ake, ka taea e te tapahi te whakatairanga i te ngau o te tarutaru, te whakanui ake i te kiato, te papatahi me te ngāwari o te tarutaru, te whakarei ake i te ātete ki te kakahu o te tarutaru, me te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi a te tarutaru. Ka taea hoki e te tapahi i te wā tika te aukati i te pua me te purapura o ngā taru tarutaru, kia ngaro ai te whai wāhi o ngā taru ki te whakaputa uri me te tango haere i a rātou.
Tākai runga
Mōte whakapaipai i te papa tarutaru, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā maniua matū, i ngā maniua rauropi rānei. Me mārama ēnei āhuatanga ina whakamahia ana ngā maniua matū:
1. Me whakahaere te ōwehenga o te N:P:K ki te 5:4:3;
2. Ko te nui o te oneone whānui he 20 kg/mu;
3. I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, ka whakamahia ngā maniua i te ngahuru ki te tonga, ā, i te kōanga ki te raki;
4. Me whakarite pai te whakatō me te whakamakuku kia kore ai e kino te tarutaru i te whakamahinga hē. Mena ka taea e ngā āhuatanga, he pai ake te whakamahi i ngā tongi wai me te ōwehenga pai. Ko te nuinga o ngā tongi waro ka whakamahia i te wā moe o te tarutaru, ā, ko te nui o te nuinga he 1000~1500 kg/mu, ka whakamahia i ia 2-3 tau. Mā te tono tongi waro ka taea te whakapai ake i te ngawari me te uruhanga o te oneone, engari ka āwhina hoki i te tarutaru kia noho haumaru i te takurua.
三. Whakamakuku
Ehara i te mea ka taea e te whakamakuku te pupuri i te tipu noa o te tarutaru i roto i te kari anake, engari ka taea hoki te whakapai ake i te pakari o ngā kakau me ngā rau, me te whakarei ake i te ātete o te kari ki te takahanga.
1. Te Wā: Me whakamakuku te tarutaru i te wā maroke, ina nui ake te mimiti i te ua. I te takurua, i muri i te hukapapa o te oneone o te tarutaru, kāore he take ki te whakamakuku.
2. Te Wā: Mō ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, ko te wā pai rawa atu ki te whakamakuku ko te wā e pupuhi ana te hau, ka taea ai te whakaiti i te ngaronga o te mimiti me te whakamaroke i ngā rau. I roto i te awatea, hei whakapai ake i te tere o te whakamahinga o te wai, ko te ata me te ahiahi ngā wā pai rawa atu ki te whakamakuku. Heoi, ko te whakamakuku i te pō kāore e pai mō te whakamaroke i te tarutaru, ā, he ngāwari ki te pā mai he mate.
3. Te nui o te wai: I te nuinga o te wā, i te wā maroke o te wā tipu o te tarutaru, kia mau tonu ai te hou o te tarutaru, e 3 ki te 4 henimita te wai e hiahiatia ana i ia wiki. I raro i ngā āhuatanga wera me ngā āhuatanga maroke, me tāpiri e te tarutaru e tupu kaha ana he 6 henimita te wai, neke atu rānei, i ia wiki. Ko te nui o te wai e hiahiatia ana ka whakatauhia nuitia e te kakano o te oneone o te moenga tarutaru.
4. Ngā Tikanga: Ka taea te whakamakuku mā te rehu, te whakamakuku maturuturu, te whakamakuku waipuke me ētahi atu tikanga. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga rerekē i runga i ngā taumata tiaki me te whakahaere me ngā āhuatanga taputapu. Hei ārai i te tipu o te tarutaru i te ngahuru me te huri kakariki i te kōanga, whakamakukuhia kotahi i ia wā. Whakamakukuhia kia tino pai, kia tino pai, he mea tino pai mō te tarutaru kia ora ai i te takurua me te huri kakariki.
Taiwhanga. Te aukati me te whakahaere i ngā mate
1. Te whakarōpūtanga o ngā mate tarutaru
E rua ngā momo mate e pā ana ki ngā mate urutā: ngā mate kore-pango me ngā mate urutā. Ka puta ngā mate kore-pango nā ngā āhuatanga o te tarutaru me te taiao. Pērā i te whiriwhiri tika i ngā purapura tarutaru, te kore o ngā matūkai e tika ana mō te tipu o te tarutaru tarutaru i roto i te oneone, te kore taurite o ngā matūkai, te oneone maroke rawa, te oneone mākū rawa rānei, te parahanga taiao, me ētahi atu. Kāore tēnei momo mate e pangia e te mate urutā. Ko ngā mate urutā ka puta mai i te harore, te huakita, te huaketo, te nematode, me ētahi atu. He tino pangia tēnei momo mate, ā, ko ngā āhuatanga e toru e tika ana mō tōna putanga mai ko: ngā tipu ngoikore, ngā mate urutā he kaha te mate, me ngā āhuatanga taiao e tika ana.
2. Ko ngā tikanga ārai me te whakahaere koia ēnei:
(1) Whakakorehia ngā pūtake matua o te mate urutā. Ko te oneone, ngā purapura, ngā tipu tipu, ngā tipu mate i te mara, ngā toenga tipu mate me ngā maniua kāore i whakapūkaratia, koia ngā wāhi matua e noho ai te nuinga o ngā mate urutā i te takurua me te raumati. Nō reira, ko te patu huakita oneone (ko te patu huakita formalin te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana, arā, formalin: wai = 1:40, ko te nui o te mata oneone he 10-15 rita/mita tapawha, formalin rānei: wai = 1:50, ko te nui o te mata oneone he 20-25 rita/mita tapawha), te maimoatanga tipu tipu (tae atu ki te karantini me te patu huakita purapura me te tipu tipu; ko te tikanga patu huakita e whakamahia whānuitia ana i runga i te papa tarutaru ko: te rumaki i ngā purapura ki roto i te 1%-2% otinga formalin kua whakaranua mō te 20-60 meneti, tangohia i muri i te rumaki, horoia, whakamarokehia, ka ruia.) me te whakakore i ngā toenga o ngā tipu mate i te wā tika me ētahi atu mahi hei whakahaere.
(2) Te ārai me te whakahaere ahuwhenua: te whenua me te tarutaru e tika ana, inā koa te whiriwhiri i ngā momo ātete mate, te tango i ngā taru i te wā tika, te parau hohonu me te tongi pai i te wā tika, te rongoā i ngā tipu mate me ngā wāhi mate, me te whakapakari i te whakahaere wai me te tongi. (3) Te whakahaere matū: te rehu patupatu hei whakahaere. I ngā rohe whānui, rehuhia he nui o te ranunga Bordeaux e tika ana i te tīmatanga o te puna i mua i te urunga o ngā tarutaru ki te wā tupu kaha, arā, i mua i te mate o te tarutaru tarutaru, kātahi ka rehuhia kotahi i ia 2 wiki, ka rehuhia kia 3-4 ngā wā i te raupapa. Ka taea e tēnei te ārai i te putanga mai o ngā mate harore, kitakita rānei. He rerekē ngā patupatu e hiahiatia ana mō ngā momo mate rerekē. Heoi, me aro ki te kukū o te patupatu, te wā me te maha o te rehu, me te nui o te rehu. I te nuinga o te wā, ka pai ake te pānga o te rehu ina maroke tonu ngā rau tarutaru tarutaru. Ko te maha o te rehu ka whakatauhia e te roa o te pānga toenga o te patupatu, i te nuinga o te wā kotahi i ia 7-10 rā, ā, he rawaka te katoa o ngā rehu 2-5. Me rehu anō i muri i te ua. Hei tāpiritanga, me whakaranu ngā patupatu rerekē, me whakamahi rānei i ngā wā katoa e taea ana hei karo i te ātete ki ngā rongoā.
五. Te whakahaere riha
1. Ngā tino take o te kino o ngā pepeke ki te tarutaru: kāore i rongoatia te oneone mō te patu pepeke i muate hanga papa tarutaru(te parau hōhonu me te whakamaroke i te oneone, te keri i te oneone hei tango i ngā pepeke, te patu huakita i te oneone, me ētahi atu); kāore i pirau te tongi rauropi i whakamahia; kāore i te wā tika te aukati me te whakahaere wawe, kāore rānei i te whakamahia tika te patupatu, kāore rānei i whai hua, me ētahi atu.
2. Te whakahaere ngātahi i ngā pepeke o te tarutaru
(1) Te whakahaere ahuwhenua: te whenua e tika ana me te tarutaru e tika ana, te parau hohonu me te whakamaroke i mua i te rui, te kohikohi i ngā pepeke me te whakakore i ngā pepeke i te wā e keria ana, te whakamahi i ngā maniua waro kua pirau katoa, te whakamakuku me te whakahaere i te wā tika, me ētahi atu.
(2) Te whakahaere ā-tinana me ā-ringa: te hopu mārama, te whakamate i ngā pa ki ngā patu pepeke me te oneone paitini, te hopu ā-ringa, me ētahi atu.
(3) Te whakahaere koiora: arā, te whakamahi i ngā hoariri tūturu, i ngā moroiti mate rānei hei whakahaere. Hei tauira, ko ngā moroiti mate whai hua mō te whakahaere i ngā torongū ko te muscardine matomato te nuinga, ā, ko te pānga whakahaere he 90%.
(4) Whakahaere matū: Ko ngā patu pepeke he matū whākawa waro. Ko te tikanga, me whakahaere wawe te whakamakuku i muri i te whakamahinga hei whakatairanga i te horapa o te rongoā, hei karo hoki i te ngaronga nā te pirau me te mimiti; he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te rehu mō ngā pepeke mata. Heoi, mō ētahi pepeke, pērā i ngā pūrerehua tarutaru, me whakahaere te whakamakuku i muri i te whakamahinga i te iti rawa 24-72 hāora i muri i te whakamahinga. Ko ngā tikanga noa ko te whakaranu purapura me ngā patu pepeke, te hopu mōunu paitini, te rehu rānei.
Tērā pea e rawaka ana ēnei mahi mō te kaihanga tarutaru noa. Mēnā ka tika te whakahaere i te tarutaru, ka tino kaha ake tōna ātete.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-02-2024