Mō ngā kaiwhakahaere o ngā papa korowha, kei te piki haere te utu tiaki i ngā papa korowha i ia rā, i ia rā, ā, kua waiho hei tetahi o ngā raruraru tino uaua mō ngā kaiwhakahaere. Kua noho hei āwangawanga mō ngā kaimahi katoa o ngā papa korowha te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki i ngā papa korowha. E whitu ngā whakaaro ka tukuna i roto i tēnei tuhinga hei whakaiti i te utu tiaki i ngā papa korowha.
Te tiaki i te papa tarutaruHe maha ngā wā e whakapono ana ngā kaimahi he uaua ngā tikanga tiaki i te papa korowha, he utu nui hoki. He mea tika kia tutuki i te papa te tikanga o ngā paerewa o te papa tākaro, ā, i te wā kotahi, me whakanui ake te maha o ngā takaro korowha me te moni whiwhi a te papa tākaro. Nō reira, kei te piki haere tonu te utu tiaki i te papa korowha. He mea nui ngā tongi, ngā patu pepeke, te tapahi me ngā kaimahi tiaki. Heoi, ehara i te mea koinei anake te huarahi. Mā ēnei tohu e whitu e whai ake nei ka whakaiti i te utu tiaki i ngā papa korowha.
1. Mā te whakamahi tika i ngā maniua matū ka taea te whakaiti i ngā mate
Ka taea e ngā rehu rau o te phosphorus, te manganese rānei te whakahaere i te ira parauri me te whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā patu harore arumoni. I taua wā anō, i kitea anō ko te whakamahi i te 0.25kg o te tongi matū pāhare pākawa silicate mō ia 100m2 ka taea te whakaiti i te mate ira parauri mā te 10 ki te 20%. Mēnā ka rongoatia ki te tikanga kotahi, ka taea te whakaiti i te mate ira moni mā te 10%.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te tongi pāhare pākawa waro hei whakahaere i ngā mowhiti harore basidiomycete i roto i ngā kari. Ka tino whai hua tēnei tongi ina whakamahia i te wā e puta tuatahi mai ai ngā porowhita harore i te kōanga, i te tīmatanga rānei o te raumati. Whakamahia kia rua ngā wā i ia wiki, 8g/m2 i ia wā, me te wai i muri i te whakamahinga kia kore ai e wera ngā rau i te tongi. I kitea anō hoki e ngā kairangahau nā tēnei maimoatanga i whakaiti te puta o te ira parauri.
2. Mā te whakamahi i ngā purapura tarutaru kounga teitei ka taea te whakaiti i te nui o te tapahi
He nui ake ngā tapahi e puta mai ana i ngā momo tarutaru "noa" i ngā momo pai ake. He kōrero whakamiharo tēnei, he āhua whakahē engari he tika, nā te mea i roto i ngā mākete e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere whānui, ko ngā purapura tarutaru noa te nuinga o ngā wā ko ngā whāinga hoko matua a ngā kaihoko purapura. I roto i tētahi rangahau, i kitea he rerekētanga nui i roto i te nui o te puehu tarutaru e puta mai ana i ngā purapura tarutaru noa me ngā purapura tarutaru kounga teitei. Ko te momo bluegrass noa e puta mai ana i te 70% te nui ake o te tarutaru i te momo raigrass tau-roa pai rawa atu, Blackburg Linn, 50% te nui ake i ngā momo fescue roa noa, Tara me K-31, ā, 13% te nui ake i te Apache.
3、Ka taea e ngā tikanga tapahi tika te whakaiti i te whakamahinga wai
He rerekē ki te whakapono rongonui, he iti ake te wai whakamakuku e whakamahia ana mō te tapahi tarutaru. Kua kitea e ngā rangahau mēnā ka whakaitihia te teitei o te tapahi o te Poa annua mai i te 2.5cm ki te 0.6cm, ko te haurua noa iho o te nui taketake e hiahiatia ana e te wai whakamakuku. Heoi, he poto ake ngā pakiaka o tētahi tarutaru iti-tapahia, nō reira kāore e taea e te tarutaru iti-tapahia te tu atu i te tauraki, ka pāngia ai te tarutaru e te chlorotic, e te kino rānei. I ngā rohe he āhuarangi whenua kei reira ngā tarutaru me whakamakuku, ka taea te whakaputa hua pai mā te tapahi iti hei whakapai ake i te whakamahinga wai.
Whakaitihia te auau o te tapahi hei pupuri i te haumākū. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau, i te wā i piki ake ai te auau o te tapahi mai i te rua ngā wā i te wiki ki te ono ngā wā i te wiki, i piki ake te whakamahinga wai mā te 41%. Heoi, he herenga kei te penapena wai mā te whakaiti i te auau o te whakamakuku, ā, ka maumauria te wai mēnā ka roa rawa te tupu o te tarutaru.
4. Te whakahaere rohe o te papa tākaro
Mā te wehewehe i ngā papa korowha ki ngā wāhi tiaki me te whakahaere rerekē ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki. Ko te tikanga, kāore e taea, ā, kāore e tika kia whakaitihia te taumata tiaki o ngā greens, ngā fairways, ngā tī box me ētahi atu wāhi o tētahi papa korowha. Heoi, i ētahi wāhi ka taea e koe te whakamātau i ēnei mahi e whai ake nei:
Tuatahi, wehea te tuhi o te kōti kia tapawhā me te tapatoru. Ka tohua e ia wāhanga he taumata tiaki, ā, ka tapaina mai i te "A" ki te "G." He paerewa motuhake kei ia wāhanga mō te tongi, te whakamakuku, te tapahi, me te whakahaere pepeke. Ka taea e te Rohe A (kakariki) te whiwhi i ngā whakahaere e hiahiatia ana, ā, ka whakaitihia e ētahi atu wāhi te haumitanga tiaki i roto i te raupapa. I tukuna tēnei mahere ki te komiti whakahaere karapu kia whakaaetia i muri i te whakaae a ngā kaimahi tiaki. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki i ngā wāhi kua tohua, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā utu whānui. Ko te whakatinanatanga o ēnei mahi, e kore e pā ki te kounga me te tākaro o te papa tākaro, engari ka hanga hoki i tētahi "rohe hoki ki te taiao" i ngā wāhi kua whakaitihia te tapahi, te mahi tiaki rānei, ka maiohahia e ngā kaitākaro korowha.
5. "Whakangungu" i te papa tarutaru
Hei kaiwhakahaere tarutaru, ka taea hoki e koe te "whakangungu" i tō tarutaru kia iti ake te wai e hiahiatia ana. I te rawhiti o te Hononga o Amerika, ka taea e ngā tarutaru kua tapahia rawatia te whakaroa i te whakamakuku tuatahi tae noa ki te 4 o Hūrae i te nuinga o ngā tau. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā pakiaka tarutaru te uru hohonu ki roto i te oneone ki te rapu makuku. Whakamahia tō tarutaru i roto i ētahi huringa poto maroke-mākū hei akiaki i te tipu o ngā pakiaka.
He pai hoki tēnei tikanga mō ngā tarutaru papatahi, ahakoa ka wawe ake te wā whakamakuku tuatahi. Hei kaiwhakahaere tarutaru, me karo koe i te noho hei papa tuatahi i tō rohe ki te whakamakuku i ngā ara tarutaru me ngā wāhi tarutaru roa katoa i te puna.
He pono, kei reira ngā tūponotanga ki te "whakangungu" i ngā tarutaru. Engari ka taea e te tauraki o te kōanga te akiaki i ngā pakiaka tarutaru kia tupu hohonu ake ki roto i te oneone. Ka tīmata ēnei pakiaka hohonu ake ki te whakamahi i waenganui o te raumati, ka iti ake te wai e whakamahia ana, ā, ka kaha ake te ātete ki te taiao.
6. Whakaitihia te nui o te tapahi tarutaru
I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau a tētahi whare rangahau o Niu Ioka, he tere te tipu o ngā tarutaru whakaranu me te raigrass tau-roa, te fescue teitei rānei (ngā momo fescue teitei pakupaku rānei), me nui ake te tapahi, ā, he puhoi ake te tipu o ngā toenga tarutaru i te tere tipu. Ko ngā tarutaru pēnei i te fescue pai, te bluegrass rānei, he 90 ki te 270% te nui ake.
Kua kitea e ngā rangahau he nui ngā penapena mā te whakawhiti i ngā momo tarutaru me te whakaiti i te tapahi tarutaru. I tatauhia e te kairangahau a James Wilmott tētahi kaute, "Mēnā he $150 te utu mō ia eka hei whakaranu ki tētahi momo tarutaru e hiahia ana ki te auau tapahi teitei rawa, kāti he $50 te utu mō ia eka hei whakaranu ki tētahi momo tarutaru e hiahia ana ki te auau tapahi iti rawa. Tata ki te 1/3 noa iho te utu mō te whakakotahitanga. Tata ki te $120 te penapena mō ia eka e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tongi, arā, $12,000 ia wā."
Heoi, kāore e taea te whakakapi i te bluegrass, i te tall fescue rānei i ngā wā katoa. Heoi anō, ina oti tepapa korowha Ka whakakapia te momo tarutaru e hiahia ana kia tapahia pinepine ki ngā momo tarutaru puhoi te tipu, ka taea te penapena moni nui mā te whakaiti i te nui o te tapahi.
7. Whakaitihia te whakamahinga o ngā patu taru
Kua rongo te katoa he pai ake te whakamahi i te iti o ngā patu taru mō te taiao. Heoi, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā patu taru me te kore e pā ki te kounga o te papa korowha? E ai ki ngā rangahau, hei whakahaere i ngā taru pāpaka, i te tarutaru kuihi rānei, ka taea te whakamahi tonu i ngā patu taru iti i mua i te puta mai i ia tau. I kitea e ia ka taea te whakamahi i te nui katoa i te tau tuatahi, te haurua o te nui i ia rua tau, me te 1/4 i muri i te 3 tau, neke atu rānei. Ka puta ngā hua o tēnei whakamahinga i te nui katoa i ia tau. Ko te take o tēnei, nā te mea ka matotoru ake ngā tarutaru, ka ātete ake ki ngā taru, ka iti ake te wāhi e nohoia ana e ngā taru i roto i te oneone i roto i te wā.
Ko tētahi huarahi māmā hei whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā patupatu ko te noho ki roto i te awhe kua tohua i runga i te nuinga o ngā tapanga patupatu. Mena e taunaki ana te tapanga i te horopeta o te 0.15~0.3kg ia eka, whakamahia te horopeta iti rawa. Nā tēnei huarahi i taea ai e ia te whakamahi i te patupatu 10% iti iho i ngā akoranga tata.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te whakahaere whānui o te tarutaru ki ngā papa korowha maha, ā, he mārama tonu tōna kaha ki te penapena moni. Hei kaiwhakahaere tarutaru, he pai ke ki te whakamātau.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-20-2024