Ko te whakahoro oneone ko te paninga o tētahi paparanga angiangi o te oneone ki tētahi tarutaru kua tipu, kua pakari rānei. Mō ngā tarutaru kua tipu, he maha ngā mahi hei hipoki i te tarutaru, tae atu ki te whakahaere i te paparanga tarutaru, te whakataurite i te mata o te tarutaru.papa tākaro, te whakatairanga i te whakaora i te tarutaru whara, mate rānei, te tiaki i ngā kākano whakato i te takurua, te whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga o te papa whakatipu kākano, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā āhuatanga ira o te tarutaru, ngā āhuatanga taiao, ngā tikanga whakatipu me te whakahaere me te kaupapa o te whakatūnga kākano e whakatau ana i te hiahia mō te oneone hipoki mata. Ko ngā kākano korowha, ngā kākano poipoi me ētahi atu wāhi hākinakina e hiahia ana ki ngā kākano kia tino ōrite hei whakahaere i te mahi. Ko ngā mata iti ki te rahi kāore i te rite ka puta mai i te takahanga, ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, te tipu o te kākano me ētahi atu āhuatanga. Ka taea te whakatika i aua momo ngaru iti me te rahi mā te hipoki i te mata ki te oneone. Ko ngā kara hua kua hipokina ki te oneone mata he iti ake te tūponotanga ki te kohikohi tarutaru, ki ētahi atu raruraru rānei e pā ana. Ko ngā kara hua i hangaia ki runga i te oneone kāore i te pai ka taea te hanga i tētahi tarutaru pai me te pai ake o te rerenga wai, te pai o te hauhautanga me te kaha o te manawanui i muri i te hipokina tonu ki te oneone tika mō ngā tau maha. Nō reira, kua waiho tēnei tikanga hei huarahi nui i roto i te whakahaere kākano papa hākinakina.
Paparanga He raruraru noa e pā ana ki te oneone hipoki mata ko te pānga paparanga i puta mai i te whakamahinga roa o te oneone he rerekē i te oneone tarutaru hei oneone hipoki. Ina he onepu, he rauemi matotoru rānei kei roto i te kōtaha oneone, he maha ngā wā ka noho makuku te oneone o runga, ā, ka āraia te tipu o te pakiaka. Ko ngā rerekētanga iti o ngā momo oneone i roto i te paparanga oneone, pērā i te paparanga pakiaka tarutaru, ka pā kino hoki ki te tohatoha o ngā pakiaka tarutaru. Hei tāpiri, ko te nui, te auau rānei o te hipoki i te paparanga mata ki te oneone kāore e ranea hei whakarite kia tino whakaranua te paparanga oneone, ā, i roto i te wā ka wehea te oneone me ngā toenga rauropi. I ētahi wā, me tapahi poutū i mua i te whakamahinga o te paparanga o runga o te oneone hei whakatuwhera i te paparanga tarutaru hei ārai i te paparanga. Mā te kuru i ngā rīpene oneone poka i muri i te keri ka puta te pānga rite ki te oneone hipoki mata. Mena he pai te oneone i raro i te tarutaru, he rite tonu tēnei tukanga wawahi ki te oneone ke, he pai ake rānei i te whakatō oneone ki runga. Heoi, ko te nui o te oneone kua pakaru ka whakatauhia e te kaha o te keri (te rahi me te maha o ngā kōhao) me te nui o te keri ka taea e te tarutaru te manawanui. Engari, kāore ēnei āhuatanga e pāngia e te taupoki oneone o runga, ā, ka taea te mahi me te kore he mahi parau whenua kē atu. I te wā e keri ana, e hipoki ana hoki i te oneone i te wā kotahi, me āta tupato kia kore ai e puta he paparanga. Hei tauira, i te wā e hipokina ana te kara hua ki te onepu, ka keria tuatahitia ngā kōhao kia uru ai te onepu ki roto i ngā kōhao. Me tango ngā rīpene oneone i tangohia mai i te kōhao. Kāore e taea te wawahi i ngā rīpene oneone i tōna tūranga kia neke ake rā anō te matotoru o te onepu i te hohonutanga mōrahi o te mīhini keri. Ki te kore, ka puta he koretake i waenga i te onepu me te oneone, ka puta he pānga kino.
Te whiriwhiri i te oneone e whakamahia ana hei oneone e hipoki ana i te mata Ko tētahi o ngā mea tino nui o tewhakahaere tarutaruNō reira, i te hanganga o tētahi kara hua hou, me waiho ētahi oneone i mua i te wā hei whakamahi i muri mai. He rerekē noa te nui o ngā matū waro o te oneone e hiahiatia ana mō te oneone papatahi me te oneone taupoki o runga. Kāore e hiahiatia he matū waro mō te oneone taupoki o runga nā te mea ka nui ngā toenga matū waro e puta mai ana i te tipu o te tarutaru mō ngā hiahia ā muri ake nei. Inaa, ko tētahi o ngā kaupapa o te paninga o te oneone o runga ko te whakatairanga i te pirau o ēnei matū waro hei ārai i te kohikohinga o te paparanga tarutaru nui. Mena kāore e pai te oneone o te rohe, me hanga anō te kara, me whiriwhiri rānei i tētahi oneone o runga e tika ana, i runga i te kaha o te raruraru kōtaha kara me te taumata kounga o te kara e tumanakohia ana kia tutuki mā te oneone o runga, te whakahaere, me ētahi atu mahi rānei. He uaua ake te whiriwhiri i te oneone o waho o te papaanga nā te mea he uaua ki te whakatutuki i te hanganga kotahi. E whakaarohia ana ko te whakamahi i te oneone onepu. I ēnei rā, he maha ngā tāngata e whakamahi ana i te onepu katoa, ā, he pai ngā hua. Heoi, ki te whakamahia tonutia te onepu mō te wā roa, ka puta he paparanga onepu, ka puta he mata mārō, e hiahia ana kia nui ake te wai me ngā maniua i roto i te whakahaere o ia rā. Mena ka ātete te onepu i te wai, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te maroke o te rohe.
Tuatahi, te nui o te oneone e hipoki ana Ko te nui o te oneone e hipoki ana i te mata e hiahiatia ana mō ia tono, mō te wā tipu rānei, ka whakawhirinaki ki te kaupapa o te hipoki i te oneone. Mēnā he mea hei huri i te wāhi nui o te kore taurite, hei whakamāeneene hoki i te mata o te tarutaru, me nui te oneone e hiahiatia ana; waihoki, ki te hiahia koe ki te huri i te hanganga oneone o te papa pakiaka o te tarutaru, me nui te oneone e hipokina ana. Ko te nui, te auau rānei o ngā tono, ka whakahaerea tuatahitia e te kaha o te tarutaru ki te mimiti i ēnei oneone. Mēnā he nui rawa te oneone, ka ārai i ngā rau ki te whiwhi mārama, ā, ka pā ki te tipu o te tarutaru. Ka pā hoki te paerewa whakatakoto o te papa korowha ki te kaha o te oneone e hipoki ana i te mata. Ko te papa korowha kāore e whakamahia ana mō te wā poto me nui ake te oneone e hipokina ana te mata, ā, ko te papa korowha e haere tonu ana te tākaro ka iti ake te oneone e whakamahia ana e ia. I te wā e whakahaere ana i te papa raupo, ko te tere o te kohikohinga o te papa raupo te mea e whakatau ana i te auau me te nui o te taupoki mata. Kāore ētahi tarutaru hua e hiahia ki te oneone o runga ina kāore i te kaha te tipu, ina pai rānei ngā āhuatanga mō te pirau tere o ngā toenga rauropi. Mō ngā kara hua e whanake tonu ana te paparanga maroke, he pai ake te hipoki i te hua ki te oneone mata. I tēnei wā, ko te nui o te oneone mata e hiahiatia ana kia tata ki te 15m3/hm2 me te oneone hipoki kia tata ki te 1.5mm te matotoru. Ko te paparanga o runga o te oneone me te tarutaru e konatunatua ana ka hanga he paparanga reo whai hua i roto i te tarutaru kua takahia. I runga i tōna pirau, ka taea e te paparanga o runga o te oneone te whakarerekē i te kiato, te whakarerekē i te makuku me te āhua matūkai, me te whakarato hoki i ngā matūkai; ka whakaratohia e te paparanga maroke te manawanui me te hau. Nō reira, ka whakapai ake te oneone hipoki mata i te paparanga tarutaru i roto i te wā poto. I roto i te wā, nā te kapi o te mata o te oneone, ka tere ake te pirau o te paparanga tarutaru maroke, ā, ka piki ake te nui o ngā mea rauropi o te oneone. Ina pania he nui o te onepu parakore ki te oneone hipoki mata, ka taea te tono kia iti iho i te 7.5m2/hm2, ā, ka taea te tono kotahi i ia rua wiki i te wā tipu. Ka tūtohu hoki ētahi tāngata kia pania te onepu reo-pai (0.25-1.0mm). Ko tētahi o ngā raruraru o te whakamahi i te onepu hei taupoki oneone o runga ko te uru o te puehu me ētahi atu matūriki ki te onepu mā te whakatakotoranga me te whakamakuku i te hau, ā, ka taea e te nui o te hau te whakaiti i te hau. Nā reira, e taunakihia ana kia whakamahia he keri ā-wā, kia whakakīia hoki ngā kōhao ki te "onepu ma" hei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ngā paparanga kua katihia e ngā matūriki, kia pai ai te rerenga wai. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te hipoki mata auau hei whakawaiwai i ēnei matūriki me te karo i te hanganga o tētahi paparanga hiri. Me whai kōhao poka hei pupuri i te hohonutanga tika o te reo i roto i te kara hua. I muri i ētahi tau, me te nui o te hipoki mata, ka taea te piki ake te teitei o te kara hua. Ka taea e te pikinga o te matotoru te whakararu i te mata. Nō reira, ko te nui o te rauemi hipoki mata e tāpirihia ana me rite tonu ki te nui o ngā rīpene oneone i tangohia i muri i te keri me te keri.
Te wā tuku: Hurae-18-2024