Ngā paerewa whakarōpūtanga tarutaru
1. Tarutaru momo motuhake: Ko te wā matomato he 360 ngā rā i te tau. He papatahi te tarutaru, ā, ko te teitei o te kakau witi ka whakahaeretia i raro i te 25mm. Hei tirotiro noa iho.
2. Tarutaru karaehe tuatahi: neke atu i te 340 ngā rā te wā matomato, he papatahi te tarutaru, ā, he iti iho i te 40mm te kakau witi, hei tirohanga mā te whānau me te whakamahi wā whakangahau.
3. Te tarutaru tuarua: Ko te wā matomato neke atu i te 320 ngā rā, he papatahi te tarutaru, he paku piki rānei, ā, he iti iho i te 60mm te matotoru o te kakau witi, he pai mō te okiokinga a te marea me te takahi māmā.
4. Papa tarutaru taumata-tuatoru: he wā matomato neke atu i te 300 rā, he kakau witi iti iho i te 100mm, e whakamahia ana mō te okiokinga a te marea, mō te hipoki i te koraha, mō te tiaki pari, me ētahi atu.
5. Papa tarutaru Taumata 4: Kāore he rohe mō te wā matomato, ā, kāore i te tino pakari ngā whakaritenga mō te teitei o te kakau witi. Ka whakamahia hei uhi i ngā puke pakoko me te tiaki i ngā pari, me ētahi atu.
1. Te tapahi
Kia maeneene, kia tino pai hoki te tarutaru, me tapahi pinepine te tarutaru. Mā te tupu nui rawa ka pirau ngā pakiaka.
(1) Te auau o te tapahi tarutaru
① Me tapahi te tarutaru motuhake i ia 5 rā i te wā whakatipu o te kōanga me te raumati, ā, kotahi, e rua rānei i te marama i te ngahuru me te takurua, i runga i ngā āhuatanga tipu.
② Me tapahi te tarutaru tuatahi i ia tekau rā i te wā tipu, ā, kotahi i te marama i te ngahuru me te takurua.
③ Me tapahi te tarutaru tuarua i ia 20 rā i te wā tipu, kia rua i te ngahuru, kaua i te takurua, ā, kia kotahi anō i mua i te kōanga.
④Me tapahi te tarutaru taumata 3 kotahi i te wā.
⑤Me tapatapahi rawa te tarutaru taumata tuawhā ki te taputapu tapahi paraihe i ia takurua.
Kōwhiringa mīhini
① Ka taea anake te tapahi i ngā tarutaru papa-motuhake mā te whakamahi i ngā mīhini tapahi tarutaru hurihuri, ka taea te tapahi i ngā tarutaru papa-tuatahi me te papa-tuarua mā te whakamahi i ngā mīhini tapahi hurihuri, ka taea te tapahi i ngā tarutaru papa-tuatoru mā te whakamahi i ngā mīhini kuhu hau, i ngā mīhini tapahi paraihe rānei, ā, ka taea te tapahi i ngā tarutaru papa-tuawhā mā te whakamahi i ngā mīhini tapahi paraihe. Me tapahi ngā taha tarutaru katoa. Whakamahia he mīhini tapahi paraihe momo taura ngohengohe, he kutikuti ringaringa rānei.
② I mua i ia tapahi, me ine te teitei tata o te tarutaru, ā, me whakarite te teitei o te pane tapahi kia rite ki te mīhini kua tīpakohia. Ko te tikanga, mō te tarutaru taumata-motuhake ki te taumata-tuarua, kaua te roa o ia tapahi e neke ake i te 1/3 o te teitei o te tarutaru.
③Ngā mahi tapahi: a. Tangohia ngā kōhatu, ngā manga mate me ētahi atu otaota mai i te tarutaru.
b. Kōwhiria he ahunga e hono ana ki te ahunga o mua mā te 30° neke atu rānei, kia kore ai e tapahia anōtia te tarutaru i te ahunga kotahi, ā, ka tupu te tarutaru ki tētahi taha.c. Kaua te tere e tere, kaua hoki e puhoi, ā, me tika te ara. Me taupatupatu te mata tapahi kia 10cm te tawhiti mō ia haerenga hoki-mai.
d. Ina tūtaki koe ki ngā arai, me huri haere koe i aua arai, ā, me tapahi ngā taha tarutaru koretake e karapoti ana i a rātou i te piko. Ina huri koe, me whakaiti te tere o te whakatere.
e. Ki te roa rawa te tarutaru, me tapahi poto kia poto, ā, kāore e whakaaetia te mahi taumaha rawa.
f. Whakamahia he taputapu tapahi paraihe hei tapahi i ngā kokonga, i ngā papa tarutaru i te taha o ngā papa rori, me ngā papa tarutaru i raro i ngā rākau. Kāore e whakaaetia kia whakamahia ngā taputapu tapahi paraihe i te wā e tapatapahi ana i ngā putiputi me ngā rakau iti (kia kore ai e pakaru ngā putiputi me ngā rākau). Me tapatapahi ēnei wāhi ki ngā kutikuti ringaringa. g. I muri i te tapahi, horoia ngā tapatapahi tarutaru ka maka ki roto i ngā putea, horoia te papa, ka horoia ngā mīhini.
(3)Te tapahi tarutarungā paerewa kounga
①I muri i te tapahi i ngā rau, ka maeneene te āhua whānui, kāore he piko me te hapa o ngā tapahi, ā, ka ōrite ngā taha kua tapahia.
② Whakamahia he kutikuti ringaringa āhua tapahi paraihe hei whakakapi i ngā tapahi i ngā arai me ngā taha o te rākau, me te kore e kitea he tohu o ngā tapahi ngaro.③Kāore he tohu mārama o te whiri i ngā taha o ngā whāititanga me ngā kokonga.
④Horoia te papa kia ma, kaua e waiho he tarutaru tapatapahi, he paru rānei.⑤Paerewa whai hua: 200~300㎡/h mō te mīhini kotahi.
2. Tauhiuhia te wai
① Me whakamakuku ngā tarutaru karaehe motuhake, karaehe tuatahi, me karaehe tuarua kotahi i te rā i te raumati me te ngahuru, ā, e rua ki te toru ngā wā i te wiki i te ngahuru me te hotoke, i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te rangi.
②Me whakamakuku te papa tarutaru o te taumata tuatoru i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, ā, ko te kaupapa matua kia kaua e maroke nā te kore wai.③Ko te papa tarutaru o te taumata tuawhā e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wai mai i te rangi.
3. Te tango i ngā taru
He mahi nui te tango taru i roto i te tiaki i te kari. He kaha ake te kaha o ngā taru i te tarutaru kua whakatōkia. Me horoi wawe, ki te kore ka mimiti i ngā matūkai o te oneone, ā, ka ārai i te tipu o te tarutaru kua whakatōkia.
(1) Te tango otaota ā-ringa
① I te nuinga o te wā, ka tangohia ā-ringa he iti noa ngā taru, ngā taru rānei o te kari kāore e taea te rongoā ki ngā patu taru.② Ka wehea te tango taru ā-ringa ki ngā wāhi, ki ngā poro, me ngā poraka, ā, ka oti te mahi tango taru e ngā kaimahi kua tohua, te rahinga, me te wā. ③Me mahi te mahi i runga i te tūnga piko, ā, kāore e whakaaetia te noho ki runga i te whenua, te piko rānei ki te rapu taru.④Whakamahia ngā taputapu āwhina hei tango i te tarutaru me ngā pakiaka tarutaru. Kaua e tangohia ko te wāhanga o runga ake o te whenua anake. ⑤Me maka ngā taru kua unuhia ki roto i te ipu para i te wā tika, kaua hoki e waiho noa. ⑥Me whakaoti te tango taru i te raupapatanga mā te poraka, te poro me te wāhi.
(2) Te tango otaota otaota
① Whakamahia ngā patu taru hei whakahaere i ngā taru kino kua horapa.
② Me whakahaere i raro i te arataki a te tohunga māra, ā, me tuku te patu taru e te tohunga māra, e te tohunga hangarau rānei, ā, me whiriwhiri tika te patu taru me te whakaae a te kaiwhakahaere tiaki matomato.③I te wā e rehu ana i ngā patu taru, me pupuri te pū rehu ki raro kia kore ai e rere te kohu ki ētahi atu tipu.
④ I muri i te rehu i te patu taru, me horoi pai te pū rehu, te oko, te mīhini, me ētahi atu, ā, me papu te pū rehu ki te wai ma mō ētahi meneti. Kaua e ringihia te wai kua horoia ki ngā wāhi kei reira ngā tipu.⑤ Kāore e whakaaetia ngā patu taru tata ki ngā putiputi, ngā rakau iti, me ngā tipu tipu, ā, kāore hoki e whakaaetia ngā patu taru whakamate koiora ki runga i ngā tarutaru katoa.
⑥ Puritia ngā tuhinga i muri i te whakamahinga o ngā patu taru.
(3) Ngā paerewa kounga mō te whakahaere taru
① Kāore he taru e teitei ake ana i te 15cm i roto i ngā papa tarutaru o te taumata 3 me runga ake, ā, kaua te maha o ngā taru 15cm te teitei e neke ake i te 5 rākau/m.
②Kāore he taru rau whānui e kitea whānuitia ana i te papa katoa.
Kāore he taru kua puāwai i te whenua tarutaru katoa.
4. Whakatō
Me whakamahi iti noa te tongi, ā, me whakamahi pinepine kia tupu ōrite ai te tarutaru. (1) Tongi
① E rua ngā momo tongi matū: te tongi tere me te tongi puhoi, koinei ngā tongi matua mō ngā kari. Ka whakarewaina ngā tongi matū tere-rewa ki te wai, kātahi ka rehuhia. Ko ngā tongi matū tere-rewa ka rehuhia kia maroke. Heoi, ka puta te tahunga ā-rohe i te nuinga o te wā ina whakamahia ngā tongi matū tere-rewa, nō reira ka whakamahia whānuitia ki ngā kari he iti ake ngā whakaritenga.
②Urea. He tongi hauota tino whai hua te Urea, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia hei whakatipu otaota. Mā te nui rawa o te tongi hauota ka ngaro te ātete o ngā tipu ki te mate, ka pangia hoki. Ki te kore e tika te whakamahinga o ngā tongi hauota, ka ngāwari te wera o ngā tipu, nō reira kāore i te tūtohutia kia whakamahia pinepine.
③ He tongi hauota wai te Kuailumei, he rite tonu ōna pānga ki te urea.
④He tongi matū maha-huānga totoka te tongi matū mahi roa, he āhuatanga o te pānga tongi mō te wā roa me te pānga pai. I te nuinga o te wā, kāore he āhuatanga mura, engari he utu nui.
(2) Ngā mātāpono mō te whiriwhiri tongi
Mō ngā tarutaru taumata tuatahi me runga ake, whakamahia ngā tongi matū inamata, ngā tongi ataahua matomato tere me ngā tongi roa te mahi. Mō ngā tarutaru taumata tuarua me tuatoru, whakamahia ngā tongi matū puhoi te memeha. Mō ngā tarutaru taumata tuawhā, kāore he tongi matū.
(3) Tikanga whakamomona
① I muri i te whakarewatanga o te tongi matū inamata ki te kukū o te 0.5% mā te whakamahi i te tikanga kaukau wai, rehuhia kia ōrite ki te rehu pēhanga teitei i te horopeta tongi o te 80㎡/kg. ②I muri i te whakaranu i te Kuailvmei kia rite ki te kukū me te horopeta kua tohua, rehuhia ki te rehu pēhanga teitei.
③ Horahia kia ōrite te tongi roa-mahi ki te ringaringa, kia rite ki ngā tohutohu, ā, rehuhia te wai kotahi i mua atu, me muri iho i te whakatō.
④ Horahia kia ōrite te tongi matū wairewa puhoi ki te horopeta o te 20 karamu/㎡.
⑤ Whakamahia te urea i te kukū o te 0.5%, whakaranua ki te wai, ka rehuhia ki te pū rehu pēhanga teitei.
⑥ Ka mahia te whakawairakau ki ngā pūwāhi, ki ngā mātiti me ngā wāhi hei whakarite kia ōrite te oneone.
(4) Huringa whakamomona
①Ka whakatauhia te huringa whakatō tongi roa-mahi e ai ki ngā tohutohu whakamahinga tongi.
② Mō ngā kari papa tuatahi me ngā kari papa motuhake kāore e whakamahi ana i ngā maniua roa, whakamahia te maniua whakakotahi inamata kotahi i te marama.
③ Ka whakamahia noa te Kuailvmei me te urea mō te whaiwhai kakariki i ngā wā o ngā hakari nui me ngā tirotiro, ā, ka tino whakahaeretia te whakamahinga i ētahi atu wā.
④ Tāpirihia he tongi matū wairewa puhoi ki ngā papa tarutaru o te taumata tuarua me te tuatoru i ia 3 marama.
5. Te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate
Kia aro ki te ārai me te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate, me te mahi i ngā mahi whai hua hei whakahaere i aua mea i mua i te putanga mai i runga i te āhua o te putanga mai.
① Ko ngā mate pārūrū noa ko te ira rau, te pirau, te waikura, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā pepeke pārūrū noa ko ngā torongū, ngā kirikiti mole, ngā kutukutu tapahi, me ētahi atu.
② Ko te ārai i ngā mate pātītī me ngā pepeke kino te mea nui. Mō ngā pātītī karaehe tuatahi me runga ake, me rehu ngā patu pepeke me ngā patu harore whānui i ia hawhe marama. Ko te whiriwhiringa o ngā rongoā me whakatau e te tohunga māra, e te tohunga hangarau rānei. Mō ngā pātītī karaehe tuarua, rehuhia kotahi i te marama.③Mō ngā mate ohorere me ngā pepeke kino, ahakoa te taumata o te pātītī, me rehu ngā patu pepeke i te wā tika hei ārai i te horapa.
④ Me whakakapi ngā tarutaru kua tino pirau nā ngā pepeke me ngā mate i te wā tika.
6.Te keri i te tarutaru, te whakaitiiti, me te whakakapinga
① Mō ngā papa tarutaru o te taumata tuarua, neke atu rānei, me keri ngā kōhao kotahi i te tau; i runga i te matotoru o te tipu o te papa tarutaru, me whakaangawari te tarutaru kotahi i te 1 ki te 2 tau; i muri i ngā mahi nui, me whakaangawari te papa tarutaru, ā, me onepū.
② Te whakangawari i te tarutaru: Whakamahia he rake rino hei wetewete i te wāhanga kua takatakahia kia tata ki te 5cm te hohonu. Tangohia te oneone me ngā paru kua rakehia, tāpirihia he tongi whakapai oneone me te onepu.
③ Te keri nui me te whakapaipai tarutaru: Whakaritea ngā mīhini, te onepu, me ngā taputapu. Tuatahi, whakamahia he mīhini tapahi tarutaru hei tapahi anō i te tarutaru, whakamahia he mīhini whakapaipai tarutaru hei whakapaipai i te tarutaru, whakamahia he pūwero hei keri i ngā kōhao, ka tahia ā-ringa, ka whakamahia rānei he mīhini tapahi tarutaru hurihuri. Whakakorehia te paru me te toenga tarutaru, whakamahia he tongi whakapai oneone me te pupuhi onepu.
④ Mena he wāhi pakira, he wāhi mate rānei he whānui neke atu i te 10cm i te papa tuarua, neke atu rānei, mēnā he taru kino ā-rohe te nuinga, neke atu i te 50% o te tarutaru, ā, kāore e taea te tango mā te patu taru, me whakakapi te tarutaru i taua wāhi.
⑤ Ka takahia ētahi wāhanga o ngā tarutaru i runga ake i te taumata tuarua, ā, ka ngoikore te tipu, me whakapai ake mā te whakaiti i te tarutaru i te rohe.
⑥ Mō ngā kari whakapaipai o te taumata 2, neke atu rānei, e ahua maroke ana, e kōwhai ana i te takurua, me whakatō ngā purapura rai i ia tau i waenganui o Noema, me te paerewa 60 mita pūrua/kg.
Te wā tuku: 28-Pepuere-2024