I runga i te urupare a ngā momo tarutaru ki ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, inā koa te pāmahana, ka wehea ngā momo tarutaru papa korowha ki ngā momo tarutaru wā mahana me ngā momo tarutaru wā makariri. Ko te awhe pāmahana tino pai mō te tipu o ngā pakiaka tarutaru wā makariri (awhe pāmahana whenua) he 10-18 nekehanga Celsius, ā, ko te awhe pāmahana tino pai mō te tipu o te kakau me te rau (awhe pāmahana hau) he 16-24 nekehanga Celsius; mō te tarutaru wā mahana, ko te awhe pāmahana tino pai mō te pūnaha pakiaka he 25-29 nekehanga Celsius, ā, ko te awhe pāmahana hau he 27-35 nekehanga Celsius.
Tarutaru wā makariri: Ko te nuinga o te wā tupu o te tarutaru wā makariri ka arohia i te wā makariri o te tau, arā, i te tonga i te ngahuru, te hotoke me te kōanga; i te raki i te kōanga me te ngahuru. Ko ngā tarutaru wā makariri ko: te bent, te bluegrass, te rai me te fescue
Tarutaru wā mahana: Ko te wā tupu o te tarutaru wā mahana ka arohia i ngā marama wera o te tau, arā, ko te mutunga o te kōanga, te raumati me te tīmatanga o te ngahuru i te rohe tonga me te whakawhiti. Ko ngā tarutaru wā mahana ko te tarutaru Bermuda, Zoysia me Seashore Paspalum. Ko te tarutaru wā mahana i te papa korowha ka whakatōkia ki te tarutaru wā makariri hei pupuri i tōna tae i te takurua. Ko te rai me ētahi momo tarutaru tōmua he kōwhiringa.
Ngā purapura tarutaru tōmua: Ko te tarutaru tōmua rawa i whakamahia i roto ingā papa korowhahe tarutaru tarutaru katoa i te papa, ā, ko te tarutaru tuatahi i whakatōkia ki ngā papa korowha he tarutaru tarutaru ā-rohe anō hoki. I mua i te tekau tau atu i 1930, ko ngā papa korowha i hangaia ki te raki o te Hononga o Amerika i whakamahi i te tarutaru piko whakaranu hei tarutaru papa korowha. Ko te piko whakaranu he 80% piko KOLONIAL, 10% piko WELVET me te paku piko NGOKINGO. I New England, i whakamahia te piko WELVET mō ngā kākano matomato. Ko ēnei purapura tarutaru ngā tipu whaea mō te whakatipu purapura tarutaru papa korowha a meake nei.
I te tau 1916, i whakatūria e ētahi kaipūtaiao o te Tari Ahuwhenua o te Hononga o Amerika (USDA) tētahi whakahaere ko Arlington Lawn Garden te ingoa, i whakatapua ki te aromatawai me te whakatipu purapura tarutaru e tika ana mō ngā kākano matomato. I te tau 1921, i tīmata rātou ki te mahi tahi arumoni me te USDA ki te whakatū mana i te United States Golf Association (USGA) hei whakawhānui i te rangahau mō ngā purapura tarutaru. I rapua e rātou ngā tarutaru he tino pai te mahi mai i ngā wāhi katoa, pērā i te kakano rau, te tae, te matotoru me te ātete ki te mate, ā, i whakatōkia ki te whare whakatipu o Arlington Lawn Garden. I whakamahia e te USGA te reta C hei tau mō te whakatipu. I te tau 1927, i kī te Tari Ahuwhenua o Amerika kua hangaia e rātou te tarutaru matomato pai rawa atu - te tarutaru piko ngokingoki. Mā te whakamahi i tēnei hangarau whakaputa uri kore-ira, he maha ngā kākano matomato kua hipokina ki ngā kākahu matomato, engari nā te mea he mea whakatipu kore-ira, kāore e taea te whakapai ake i tōna ātete ki te mate me te pepeke.
Te rui i te tarutaru piko: I tīmata ngā kaipūtaiao ki te rangahau i Pennsylvania i te tau 1940 ki te rapu i te tarutaru piko e whakatō ana i te purapura ōrite, pumau hoki. Whai muri i te 9 tau o te mahi uaua, i whakatōkia e rātou he tarutaru piko e whakatō ana i te purapura ko PENNCROSS te ingoa, i whakarewahia i te tau 1954, ā, i tīmata hei whakakapi i te tarutaru matomato o mua. I mua i te tekau tau atu i 1990, ko PENNCROSS te tarutaru matomato rongonui. Ahakoa kua whakarewahia ngā momo hou, kei te whakamahia whānuitia tonutia a PENNCROSS i ēnei rā.
Kei te haere tonu te rangahau purapura tarutaru o Pennsylvania. I raro i te arataki a Tākuta Joe Duwick, i whakarewahia a PENNEAGLE bent i te tau 1978, ā, i whakarewahia a PENNLINKS bent i te tau 1986. Mai i te tau 1980 ki te tau 1990, ko te rangahau mō te bent i aro nui ki te whakatipu i ngā momo he ātete wera nui hei whakawhānui ake i tōna urutau. Nā roto i te rangahau i Texas e USGA, i whakarewahia ngā momo bent hou ko CATO me CRENSHAW. I taua wā anō, i aro te rangahau a Pennsylvania Joe Duwick ki te whakapai ake i te manawanui o Bent ki te tapahi iti. Nā āna mahi i arahi ki te whakarewatanga o te raupapa bent A me G. I whakarewahia hoki e ētahi atu kamupene purapura tarutaru ngā momo pai rawa atu pēnei i: SR1020, L-93, PROVIDENCE, BACKSPIN, IMPERIAL, me ētahi atu. Ētahi atu tarutaru whai purapura: Kua whakatipuhia whānuitia te Kentucky bluegrass me te perennial ryegrass i roto i ngā tau 40 ki te 50 kua hipa, me te aro ki te whakatipu i ngā kukune hei whakahaere i te kōwhiringa o ngā hua purapura tarutaru patent rerekē e ngā kamupene purapura tarutaru rerekē, tae atu ki:
Ngā tarutaru wā mahana: He pai te tarutaru Bermuda mō ngā rohe pārūrū, pārūrū me te tonga o te ao; i te rohe āhuarangi whakawhiti o te Hononga o Amerika, ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana a Zoysia i runga i ngā ara whāiti, engari he whānui te whakamahinga i Hapani, Korea me Haina; Ko te tarutaru Buffalo, he tarutaru taketake o ngā Mania Nui o Amerika Te Raki, he pai mō te tarutaru roa i ngā wāhi haumākū, haumākū me te maroke; Ko te Seashore Paspalum, te tarutaru wā mahana tino manawanui ki te tote, he pai mō ngā rohe pārūrū me te pārūrū, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i ōna momo pai ake hei tarutaru mō ngā papa.ngā kākāriki me ngā ara tākaro.
Te tarutaru Bermuda me ōna momo ranu: Ko te tarutaru Bermuda i whakamahia whānuitia pea i horahia e ngā kaihōpara Pāniora o mua. I te tau 1924, i whakarewahia e te United States te momo Bermuda ATLANTA, ā, i te tau 1938, ko U3. I muri mai, i te haerenga o te kaitākaro korowha rongonui a Bobby Jones ki Ihipa ki te tākaro korowha, i whakaurua e ia tētahi momo tarutaru Bermuda hou mai i Ihipa, ko UGANDAGRASS. I mua i te tau 1950, ko ēnei momo Bermuda anake i taea te whiriwhiri. I ngā tau 1950 me 1960, ko te tarutaru Bermuda te tarutaru matua o te papa korowha. I ngā tau 1940, i kitea e te kaipūtaiao o te Tari Ahuwhenua o Amerika, a Glen Burton, ētahi tarutaru matotoru, poto, kounga-waenga i roto i tana mara whāngai i te tāone o Tifton, Georgia. Whai muri i te ranu, i whakarewahia e ia a Tifton 57 (TIFLAWN) i te tau 1957. He tino pai tēnei tarutaru mō te whakato ki ngā papa hākinakina engari kāore ki ngā kākano matomato nā te mea ka tere te tipu. Nō reira, i haere tonu a Burton ki te ako, ā, i ako ia kua whakakotahihia e tētahi atu kaipūtaiao tana Tifton 57 me ngā pūtake kurī o te rohe o Āwherika. Whai muri i te whakaaweawe, i tautoko ia, ā, i whiwhi i ngā pūtake kurī maha o te rohe i ngā papa korowha o te tonga. Whai muri i ngā rau o ngā whakakotahitanga, ka whakarewahia e Burton a Tifton 127 (TIFFINE), Tifton 328 (TIFGREEN) me Tifton 419 (TIFWAY). I whakatupuhia te Bermuda iti (TIFDWARF) e tētahi atu kaipūtaiao mā te kōwhiringa ira o nāianei o te 328, engari i rēhitatia e Burton i te tau 1955.
Tae noa ki tēnei rā, ko Tifton tonu te pokapū mana mō te tautuhi i ngā momo ranu Bermuda. I ngā tau tata nei, kei te mahi rangahau tonu tētahi atu kaipūtaiao, a Hanna, i te tāone o TIFTON. Nāna i whakarewa a Eagle Grass me TIFSPORT, ā, nō Haina ngā tipu whaea o ēnei e rua.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-09-2024